Artifact estimation network for MR images: effectiveness of batch normalization and dropout layers by Tomoko Maruyama, Norio Hayashi, Yusuke Sato, Toshihiro Ogura, Masumi Uehara, Haruyuki Watanabe, Yoshihiro Kitoh

“…Results The evaluation results demonstrated a significant improvement in network accuracy when BN and dropout layers were implemented. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed images was approximately doubled and the structural similarity index was improved by approximately 10% compared with those of the artifact images. …”
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Experimental study on surface protection support that uses polymer thin spray-on layer by Han Liang, Zedi Zhang, Yunjing Shi, Zihan Bai, Chen Cao

“…The analysis shows that TSL coheres and repairs the surrounding rock surface to form a bonding layer, exerting a confinement effect on the deformation of deep rock masses. …”
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Study on the scale effect and mechanical properties of gravel materials in riverbed cover layers by Mengdie Zhao, Ruiyu Kang, Shoukai Chen, Shuaibin Wang, Ninghuan Zhai, Chao Zhang

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Three-Layer Energy Optimization Strategy for CHP Microgrid Considering Path Loss by Kai LING, Can WANG, Gaorui ZHANG, Aoqi WANG, Sihu CHU, Fuyin TIAN, Xinran LI

“…This strategy not only constructs a lower layer optimal operation model aiming at minimizing the operation cost of each microgrid and an upper layer optimal operation model aiming at minimizing the interaction cost between agents but also constructs a new middle layer optimal operation model aiming at minimizing the loss of energy transmission path. …”
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Classifying kidney disease using a dense layers deep learning model by Amal Al-Rasheed, Sheikh Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Zubair Asghar, Tehseen Mazhar, Asim Seedahmed Ali Osman, Mohammad Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Amir Khan

“…Deep learning platforms like hidden layers, activation functions, optimizers, and epochs are also necessary for the automatic detection of these diseases. …”
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Surface Integrity of Austenitic Manganese Alloys Hard Layers after Cavitation Erosion by Ion Mitelea, Ilare Bordeașu, Daniel Mutașcu, Corneliu Marius Crăciunescu, Ion Dragoș Uțu

“…To reduce cavitation erosion of maritime structures made from Duplex stainless steels, the study used the deposition by welding of layers of metallic alloys with a high capacity for work hardening. …”
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Recovery of the cortical chloroplast layer in the green alga Chara after local irradiation by Marion C. Hoepflinger, Margit Höftberger, Aniela Sommer, Florian Hohenberger, Michael Schagerl, Ilse Foissner

“…The cytoplasm of characean internodal cells is characterized by a stationary layer of cortical chloroplast files and a mobile endoplasm moving along subcortical actin bundles. …”
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Reconstruction of the temperature in the active layer of the glacier on the Western plateau of Elbrus for 1930–2008 by S. A. Tyuflin, O. V. Nagornov, G. A. Chernyakov, V. N. Mikhalenko, P. A. Toropov, S. S. Kutuzov

“…The reconstruction of changes in the temperature of the base of the active layer (at a depth of 10 m) of the glacier on the Western plateau of Elbrus for the period 1930–2008 was performed. …”
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Sea ice decline in the Eastern Arctic results in expansion of the freshened surface layer by Vladimir Rogozhin, Vladimir Rogozhin, Alexander Osadchiev, Alexander Osadchiev, Alexander Savin, Alexander Savin, Ekaterina Rogozhina, Anton Georgiev, Olga Konovalova, Olga Konovalova

“…First, intense sea ice melting in the Eastern Arctic in 2019 provided a significantly greater volume of meltwater inflow to the freshened surface layer, as compared to other years. Second, sea ice cleared out of the Laptev and East Siberian seas by the beginning of August and September 2019 respectively, and these seas remained free of ice during for 2 to 3 months (longer ice-free period occurred only in 2007 and 2020). …”
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Efficacy of Smart City Data Layers in virtual reality for emergency evacuation behaviours by Reinout Wiltenburg, William Hurst, Frida Ruiz Mendoza, Caspar Krampe, Bedir Tekinerdogan

“…One way of presenting this information is by employing the Smart City Data Layers which has yet to be investigated, thus, in this study, a Smart City Data Layer-enhanced virtual reality environment is presented. …”
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Energy Dissipation and Failure Characteristics of Layered Composite Rocks under Impact Load by Wenjie Liu, Ke Yang, Wei Zhen, Xiaolou Chi, Rijie Xu, Xin Lv

“…Horizontal layered composite rock samples composed of white and black sandstones with large differences in physical and mechanical properties were tested to explore the dynamic characteristics of layered composite rocks under impact load. …”
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Performance of Sisal Fabre as Natural Geotextile to Reinforce Soil Layers on Unpaved Road. by Kyomugasho, Lilian

“…The findings relating to these laboratory tests include: The liquid limit was 38%, plastic limit was 21%, plasticity index 17%, MDD was increased from 1.829 to 1.849Mg/M3 and CBR values using 60,30 and 10 blows increased from 3.7% to 9.2%,6.9%, 5.2%after the application of sisal fibre after the second, third and fourth layers of the soil compared to the CBR values without sisal and particle size was obtained and the clay soil was classified as silty or clayey grave sand and soil sample fall under group classification of A-2-6. …”
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Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Novel FRP Bars with Hoop Winding Layer by Yue Liu, Hong-Tao Zhang, Hong-Hao Zhao, Lin Lu, Ming-Yang Han, Jiao-Cai Wang, Shuai Guan

“…Moreover, for the cyclic loading test, the compressive ultimate load of GFRP bars was 80%∼90% of that under monotonic compressive test, and the tensile ultimate load was 45%∼65% of that under monotonic tensile test. Compared with the GFRP bar without winding layer, the overall stiffness of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional one and the ultimate load of the novel GFRP bar was also greater. …”
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Explosives Analysis Using Thin-Layer Chromatography–Quantum Cascade Laser Spectroscopy by John R. Castro-Suarez, Luis A. Pérez-Almodóvar, Doris M. Laguer-Martínez, José L. Ruiz-Caballero, José A. Centeno-Ortiz, Tamara Felix-Massa, Leonardo C. Pacheco-Londoño, Samuel P. Hernández-Rivera

“…A new hyphenated technique using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to separate analytes in mixtures, coupled with mid-infrared (MIR) laser spectroscopy for identification and quantification, is presented. …”
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Operational wind plants increase planetary boundary layer height: an observational study by A. Abraham, M. Puccioni, A. Jordan, E. Maric, N. Bodini, N. Hamilton, S. Letizia, P. M. Klein, E. N. Smith, S. Wharton, J. Gero, J. D. Jacob, R. Krishnamurthy, R. K. Newsom, M. Pekour, W. Radünz, P. Moriarty

“…The current investigation seeks to understand these interactions by characterizing the impact of wind plants on the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), utilizing observations from the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) campaign. …”
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Characteristics of Eddy Dissipation Rates in Atmosphere Boundary Layer Using Doppler Lidar by Yufei Chu, Guo Lin, Min Deng, Zhien Wang

“…A lower MLH (smaller volume), even with reduced surface fluxes, could potentially result in a stronger EDR. Finally, we compared the evolution of the EDR and MLH in the boundary layer using Doppler lidar data from ARM sites and the PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) Moving Active Profiling System (PBLMAPS) Airborne Doppler Lidar (ADL). …”
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CCD Standard Curve Fitting for Microarray Detection Base on Multi-Layer Perceptron by Zhenhua Gan, Dongyu He, Peishu Wu, Baoping Xiong, Nianyin Zeng, Fumin Zou, Feng Guo, Qin Bao, Fengyan Zhao

“…In our experiments we compared the MLP neural network with relative error minimization as the constraint with the LSA and the MLP neural network with sum of square errors (SSE) minimization as the constraint. …”
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Buried straw layer and plastic mulching increase microflora diversity in salinized soil by Yu-yi LI, Huan-cheng PANG, Xiu-fang HAN, Shou-wei YAN, Yong-gan ZHAO, Jing WANG, Zhen ZHAI, Jian-li ZHANG

“…Field micro-plot experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2011 using four tillage methods: (i) deep tillage with plastic film mulching (CK), (ii) straw layer burial at 40 cm (S), (iii) straw layer burial plus surface soil mulching with straw material (S+S), and (iv) plastic film mulching plus buried straw layer (P+S). …”
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Stability Analysis of Unsteady Laminar Boundary Layers Subject to Streamwise Pressure Gradient by Miguel Ramirez, Guillermo Araya

“…It is observed that flow acceleration or favorable pressure gradients (FPGs) lead to a significantly shorter transient period before reaching steady-state conditions, as the developed shear layer is notably thinner compared to cases with adverse pressure gradients (APGs). …”
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Rapid diagnosis of adult-type diffuse glioma using a layered scheme by Jinsong Wu, Shuai Wu, Dandan Cao, Zhang Xiong, Jianhua Zhang, Yourui Zou, Zanyi Wu, Yanli Nie, Chen Luo, Ye Yao, Yanyan Song, Yuchen Jiao, Hong Chen, Hui Ma, Dezhi Kang, Ying Mao, Hai Yan

“…We hypothesized that IDH and TERT promoter (TERTp) mutations play similar roles in accurately classifying adult-type diffuse glioma compared to the complicated WHO CNS5-recommended biomarkers, and the detection of IDH and TERTp mutations should be the first layer in clinical practice. …”
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