Genetic predictions of prion disease susceptibility in carnivore species based on variability of the prion gene coding region. by Paula Stewart, Lauren Campbell, Susan Skogtvedt, Karen A Griffin, Jon M Arnemo, Morten Tryland, Simon Girling, Michael W Miller, Michael A Tranulis, Wilfred Goldmann

“…However, all canid PrPs contained aspartic acid or glutamic acid at codon 163 which we propose provides a genetic basis for observed susceptibility differences between canids and felids. …”
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Distribution of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (Nav) Alleles among the Aedes aegypti Populations In Central Java Province and Its Association with Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticid... by Sayono Sayono, Anggie Puspa Nur Hidayati, Sukmal Fahri, Didik Sumanto, Edi Dharmana, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Puji Budi Setia Asih, Din Syafruddin

“…Three non-synonymous polymorphisms (S989P, V1016G and F1534C) and one synonymous polymorphism (codon 982) were detected in the AaNaV gene. Eight AaNaV alleles were observed in specimens from Central Java. …”
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Comprehensive analysis of transcript start sites in ly49 genes reveals an unexpected relationship with gene function and a lack of upstream promoters. by Frances Gays, Alan S C Koh, Katarzyna M Mickiewicz, Jonathan G Aust, Colin G Brooks

“…Remarkably, a large proportion of Ly49E transcripts was then initiated from downstream of the translational start codon. By contrast, the genes encoding Ly49B and Q in myeloid cells, the activating Ly49D and H receptors in NK cells, and Ly49F in activated T cells, were predominantly transcribed from a conserved site in a pyrimidine-rich region upstream of exon 1. …”
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Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial of Spodiopogon sagittifolius, an endemic and protective species from Yunnan, China by Chao Xu, Wei Bi, Ren-yi Ma, Pin-rong Li, Feng Liu, Zhen-wen Liu

“…Strong codon usage bias favoring A/U-ending codons and the identification of repeat sequences suggest enhanced mitochondrial efficiency and stress adaptation. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua reveals variation diversity and evolutionary trends by Haoxiang Luo, Fengxiao Ren, Guochao Cao, Dekai Wang, Qiaojun Jia

“…In addition, codon usage analysis, nucleotide diversity analysis, and Ka/Ks analysis suggested a slower rate of evolution and a relatively conserved structure of the mitochondrial genome. …”
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Analysis of the complete mitogenomes of three high economic value tea plants (Tea-oil Camellia) provide insights into evolution and phylogeny relationship by Heng Liang, Heng Liang, Heng Liang, Heng Liang, Huasha Qi, Huasha Qi, Huasha Qi, Huasha Qi, Chunmei Wang, Chunmei Wang, Chunmei Wang, Chunmei Wang, Yidan Wang, Moyang Liu, Jiali Chen, Jiali Chen, Jiali Chen, Jiali Chen, Xiuxiu Sun, Xiuxiu Sun, Xiuxiu Sun, Xiuxiu Sun, Tengfei Xia, Tengfei Xia, Tengfei Xia, Tengfei Xia, Shiling Feng, Cheng Chen, Daojun Zheng, Daojun Zheng, Daojun Zheng, Daojun Zheng

“…The assembled mitogenomes span 953,690 bp (C. oleifera) and 923,117 bp (C. meiocarpa), containing 74 and 76 annotated mitochondrial genes, respectively.ResultsComparative genomic analyses indicated that C. oleifera and C. meiocarpa share a closer genetic relationship, whereas C. drupifera is more distantly related. Codon usage analysis revealed that natural selection plays a dominant role in shaping codon bias in these mitochondrial genomes. …”
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Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with mycobacteria. by Nuria Andreu, Andrea Zelmer, Taryn Fletcher, Paul T Elkington, Theresa H Ward, Jorge Ripoll, Tanya Parish, Gregory J Bancroft, Ulrich Schaible, Brian D Robertson, Siouxsie Wiles

“…<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>One of the main obstacles to the use of bioluminescence for in vivo imaging is the achievement of reporter protein expression levels high enough to obtain a signal that can be detected externally. Therefore, as a first step in the application of this technology to the study of mycobacterial infection in vivo, we have optimised the use of firefly, Gaussia and bacterial luciferases in mycobacteria using a combination of vectors, promoters, and codon-optimised genes. …”
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Pathogenic Variant Rs1471414348of the TTN Gene in the Patient with Familial Left Venticular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy by O. V. Kulikova, A. N. Meshkov, R. P. Myasnikov, A. V. Kiseleva, S. N. Koretsky, A. A. Zharikova, M. S. Kharlap, E. A. Mershina, V. E. Sinitsyn, O. P. Skirko, I. A. Efimova, M. S. Pokrovskaya, S. A. Boytsov, O. M. Drapkina

“…One likely pathogenic variant (rs1471414348, stop codon) in the TTN gene was detected. The discovered variant was validated by Sanger sequencing and was detected only in the proband and his mother, and was absent in other relatives. …”
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A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a Previously Unreported Translocation (14; 15) (q32; q13) by Mohamad Khawandanah, Bradley Gehrs, Shibo Li, Jennifer Holter Chakrabarty, Mohamad Cherry

“…Of note, at relapse cytogenetic analysis revealed t (14; 15) (q32; q13), while FLT-3 analysis showed a codon D835 mutation (no ITD mutation was detected). …”
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Molecular Characterization of Cressa cretica L. Using SCoT and ISSR Markers by Mozhdeh Jahangir, Fatemeh Nasernakhaei

“…Two types of molecular markers, start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), were employed to detect genetic variation and patterns of differentiation between geographical groups. …”
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Taxonomic significance of morphological and molecular variation in Egyptian Malvaceae species by Osama G. Ragab, Doaa M. El Kholy, Sarah M. M. Elkhiat, Amaal H. Mohamed, Azza A. F. Khafagi

“…Furthermore, with the SCoT technique, differences in molecular markers were detected. In the start codon targeted SCOT analysis, eight SCoT primers were independently used. …”
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Development of Procymidone and Difenoconazole Resistance in <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, the Causal Agent of Kiwifruit Brown Spot Disease by Yahui Liu, Manfei Bao, Yanxin Wang, Chuanqing Zhang

“…The P894L single point mutation, caused by the change from CCA to CTA at the 894th codon of <i>Os1</i>, was detected in Pro^R isolates. …”
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Human eIF2A has a minimal role in translation initiation and in uORF-mediated translational control in HeLa cells by Mykola Roiuk, Marilena Neff, Aurelio A Teleman

“…Translation initiation in eukaryotes requires a 40 S ribosome loaded with initiator tRNA which scans for an initiation codon. The initiator tRNA is usually recruited to the ribosome as part of a ternary complex composed of initiator tRNA, eIF2, and GTP. …”
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the rice bean (Vigna umbellata) by Yuqing Wu, Kai Zhang, Boyang Zhang, Yuqian Li, Guiming Liu, Zhen Liang, Jiewei Zhang

“…The mitogenome is a circular molecule with a length of 404,493 bp, containing 32 protein-coding genes, 17 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs. Codon usage and sequence repeats were also determined. …”
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Distribution, cleavage and lipidation of Atg8 fusion proteins in Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells. by Xiaojuan Zhang, Hongjuan Lu, Hui Ai, Rong Peng, Yongbo Yang, Aiying Li, Huazhu Hong, Jianxin Peng, Kaiyu Liu

“…Atg8 proteins fused with tags are commonly used to detect autophagy. The expression patterns of Lepidopteran insect Atg8 are relatively well documented. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Cenchrus fungigraminus indicates structural dynamics and sequence divergences in Poaceae family by Wentao Sheng, Wentao Sheng

“…The mitochondrial genome codon usage displayed a significant A/T preference. …”
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Novel De Novo Intronic Variant of SYNGAP1 Associated With the Neurodevelopmental Disorders by Wuming Xie, Baoqiong Liao, Mei Shuai, Rutian Liu, Min Hong, Shuwen He

“…This frameshift resulted in the introduction of a premature stop codon (TGA) in the coding sequence and the production of a truncated SYNGAP1 protein, potentially leding to loss of function and subsequent disruption of its biological roles. …”
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Genetic Variability of West Nile Virus in U.S. Blood Donors from the 2012 Epidemic Season. by Andriyan Grinev, Caren Chancey, Evgeniya Volkova, Germán Añez, Daniel A R Heisey, Valerie Winkelman, Gregory A Foster, Phillip Williamson, Susan L Stramer, Maria Rios

“…Selection pressure analyses were performed with the HyPhy package using the Datamonkey web-server. Using different codon-based and branch-site selection models, we detected a number of codons subjected to positive pressure in WNV genes. …”
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Nine complete chloroplast genomes of the Camellia genus provide insights into evolutionary relationships and species differentiation by Yanfei Cai, Min Tian, Yingjie Yang, Ziming Shi, Peifei Zhao, Jihua Wang

“…Structural and evolutionary analyses revealed the highly conserved nature of these cp genomes, with no significant inversions or gene rearrangements detected. Consistent codon usage patterns were observed across these accessions. …”
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Genetic analysis of the single internode dwarf 1 mutant in barley by Megan Overlander-Chen, Jason D. Fiedler, Shaobin Zhong, Shengming Yang

“…Segregating F2 plants derived from a cross between wild type (WT) and the mutant were genotyped with the barley 50 k iSelect SNP Array, and the detected SNPs were converted to PCR-based markers for fine mapping. …”
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