Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of endangered Impatiens chishuiensis by LAN Wenxiang, MO Qing, HUANG Haiquan, HUANG Meijuan

“…It encodes a total of 120 genes, including 95 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 17 tRNA genes. (2) A total of 87 SSR sequences was detected. 20 327 codons were detected, with leucine (Leu) being the most abundant and tryptophan (Trp) being the least. (3) Impatiens was divided into two subgenera, including subg. …”
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Production of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles as a vaccine candidate in stable cell lines through inducible E and M protein expression by Yu Liu, Zhian Chen, Li Yang, Chunmei Gan, Jieshi Tang, Zhaoyue Zheng, JingYa Ye, C. Alexander Valencia, Hoi Yee Chow, Biao Dong

“…In this study, we achieved efficient VLPs production by HEK293T cells after transient transfection of four plasmids containing the S, M, N, and E genes with optimized codons. Moreover, spike-specific IgG antibodies were elicited in mice, though no significant neutralizing activity was detected at the tested time points. …”
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Pervasiveness of Microprotein Function Amongst <i>Drosophila</i> Small Open Reading Frames (SMORFS) by Ana Isabel Platero, Jose Ignacio Pueyo, Sarah Anne Bishop, Emile Gerard Magny, Juan Pablo Couso

“…Small Open Reading Frames (smORFs) of less than 100 codons remain mostly uncharacterised. About a thousand smORFs per genome encode peptides and microproteins about 70–80 aa long, often containing recognisable protein structures and markers of translation, and these are referred to as short Coding Sequences (sCDSs). …”
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Genomic evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates revealed by deep sequencing. by Manreetpal Singh Brar, Mang Shi, Raymond Kin-Hi Hui, Frederick Chi-Ching Leung

“…Proportion of variants capable of causing an amino acid change in their respective codons ranged between 25-67% with many predicted to be non-deleterious. …”
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Chloroplast whole genome assembly and phylogenetic analysis of Persicaria criopolitana reveals its new taxonomic status by Tao Zou, Dan Li, Chun-Yan Zhao, Ming-Lin Chen

“…Key features include: 208 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, predominantly mononucleotide motifs. A pronounced preference for A/U-ending codons, with leucine as the most frequent amino acid. …”
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Heterozygous de novo and inherited mutations in the smooth muscle actin (ACTG2) gene underlie megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. by Michael F Wangler, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Tomasz Gambin, Samantha Penney, Timothy Moss, Atul Chopra, Frank J Probst, Fan Xia, Yaping Yang, Steven Werlin, Ieva Eglite, Liene Kornejeva, Carlos A Bacino, Dustin Baldridge, Jeff Neul, Efrat Lev Lehman, Austin Larson, Joke Beuten, Donna M Muzny, Shalini Jhangiani, Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Richard A Gibbs, James R Lupski, Arthur Beaudet

“…Ten unique variants were detected, of which six affected CpG dinucleotides and resulted in missense mutations at arginine residues, perhaps related to biased usage of CpG containing codons within actin genes. …”
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with benzimidazole resistance of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene in Ascaris lumbricoides isolated in South Africa by Teniel Ramkhelawan, Pragalathan Naidoo, Zilungile L. Mkhize-Kwitshana

“…Results: No mutations were detected, and all genotypes observed at codons F167Y, E198A and F200Y were the homozygous wild-type genotype. …”
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Chromosomal Instability, Aneuploidy, and Gene Mutations in Human Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas by Walter Giaretti, Silvia Molinu, Jenny Ceccarelli, Claudia Prevosto

“…., occurring in the mutation cluster region (MCR, codons 1200–1500) or downstream (P=0.016). Finally, the correlation of 1p34–36 deletions with flow cytometric and FISH detected aneuploidy was also significant (P=0.01). …”
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Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. by Pablo R Murcia, Joseph Hughes, Patrizia Battista, Lucy Lloyd, Gregory J Baillie, Ricardo H Ramirez-Gonzalez, Doug Ormond, Karen Oliver, Debra Elton, Jennifer A Mumford, Mario Caccamo, Paul Kellam, Bryan T Grenfell, Edward C Holmes, James L N Wood

“…Finally, we repeatedly detected distinct stop codons in virus samples from co-housed pigs, suggesting that they persisted within hosts and were transmitted among them. …”
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Molecular Evolution of the <i>Ovgp1</i> Gene in the Subfamily Murinae by Miriam Balastegui-Alarcón, Carla Moros-Nicolás, José Ballesta, Mª José Izquierdo-Rico, Pascale Chevret, Manuel Avilés

“…The analysis reveals the presence of stop codons only in some species of the Rattini tribe, suggesting that the majority of the murine species present a functional gene. …”
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Pfcrt mutant haplotypes may not correspond with chloroquine resistance by Diganta Goswami, Sunil Dhiman, Bipul Rabha, Dinesh Kumar, Indra Baruah, Dhirendra Kumar Sharma, Vijay Veer

“…PCR-RFLP assay was used to detect pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y mutations in P. falciparum. …”
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Single-center experience of four cases with iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) by Gülin Parlak, Muhammed Doğukan Aksu, Fatma Gümrük, Şule Ünal

“…Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations causing defective matriptase-2 protein expression were detected in the TMPRSS6 gene; these mutations included four frameshift mutations-two of which were the same in two cases and causing premature terminal stop codons-and a nonsense mutation, all of which were previously demonstrated in the literature. …”
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Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites harbouring chloroquine-resistant but not artemisinin-resistant alleles in Busia County, Western Kenya by Noah Machuki Onchieku, Nemrod Gesusu, Emmanuelle Caspar, Lewis Karani, Kelvin Thiong’o, Luna Kamau, Daniel Kiboi, Lucas Thiebaut, Laurence Ma, Francis Kimani, Damaris Matoke-Muhia, Didier Ménard

“…Further analysis revealed absence of deletions in the Pfhrp2, with no mutations at Pfmdr1 codons 86 or 1246, both of which are associated with chloroquine resistance. …”
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Variability of <I>omp25</I> and <I>omp2a</I> Genes in Brucella Strains of Different Taxonomic Position by N. A. Osina, E. G. Boolgakova, A. G. Osin, I. G. Shvidenko, S. A. Shcherbakova

“…In the omp25 gene, 11 non-synonymous and 24 synonymous mutations have been detected; two deletions: ∆103–108 bp – in В. nosferati, ∆562–597 bp – in В. …”
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Comparative analysis of plastome structure in Sphagnum species from China by Xian-Lin Guo, Fu-Min Xie, Chao-Jie Wang, Yi-Hang Ding, Wen-Chao Yan, Kai Fang, Huai Chen

“…Codons with RSCU > 1.00 favored A/U at the third position, with UUA (Leucine) and GCU (Alanine) being most common. …”
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Unraveling the mitochondrial genome of the medicinal Chinese motherwort (Leonurus japonicus, Lamiaceae): structural dynamics, organelle-to-nuclear gene transfer, and evolutionary i... by Xinyu Bai, Xinyu Bai, Tingting Zhu, Huiru Chen, Xiaoqun Wang, Jing Liu, Yuqing Feng, Yuqing Feng, Yanbo Huang, Joongku Lee, Goro Kokubugata, Zhechen Qi, Xiaoling Yan

“…Deepred-mt predicted 408 C-to-U RNA editing sites, notably in nad4 and ccmB, including novel start and stop codons. DiscussionThe L. japonicus mitogenome exhibits marked structural plasticity, reflecting dynamic repeats and organelle‐to‐organelle DNA transfers. …”
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Identification and Characterization of Novel Variations in Platelet G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Genes in Patients Historically Diagnosed with Type 1 von Willebrand Disease. by Jacqueline Stockley, Shaista P Nisar, Vincenzo C Leo, Essa Sabi, Margaret R Cunningham, Jeroen C Eikenboom, Stefan Lethagen, Reinhard Schneppenheim, Anne C Goodeve, Steve P Watson, Stuart J Mundell, Martina E Daly, GAPP Study in Collaboration with the MCMDM-1VWD Study Group

“…Two synonymous single nucleotide variations were identified in F2RL3 (c.402C>G, p.A134 =; c.1029 G>C p.V343 =), both of which introduced less commonly used codons and were predicted to be deleterious, though neither of them affected PAR4 receptor expression. …”
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Genotypic and functional impact of HIV-1 adaptation to its host population during the North American epidemic. by Laura A Cotton, Xiaomei T Kuang, Anh Q Le, Jonathan M Carlson, Benjamin Chan, Denis R Chopera, Chanson J Brumme, Tristan J Markle, Eric Martin, Aniqa Shahid, Gursev Anmole, Philip Mwimanzi, Pauline Nassab, Kali A Penney, Manal A Rahman, M-J Milloy, Martin T Schechter, Martin Markowitz, Mary Carrington, Bruce D Walker, Theresa Wagner, Susan Buchbinder, Jonathan Fuchs, Beryl Koblin, Kenneth H Mayer, P Richard Harrigan, Mark A Brockman, Art F Y Poon, Zabrina L Brumme

“…Furthermore, HLA-associated polymorphisms identified in historic HIV sequences were consistent with those detectable today, with none identified that could explain the few HIV codons where the inferred epidemic ancestor differed from the modern consensus. …”
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Deep-amplicon sequencing of the complete beta-tubulin gene in Trichuris trichiura before and after albendazole treatment by Javier Gandasegui, Berta Grau-Pujol, Valdemiro Novela, Osvaldo Muchisse, Maria Cambra-Pellejà, Anélsio Cossa, José Carlos Jamine, Charfudin Sacoor, Eric A.T. Brienen, Francesc Catala-Moll, Lisette van Lieshout, María Martínez-Valladares, Roger Paredes, José Muñoz, Stephen R. Doyle

“…Previous studies of veterinary nematodes have linked benzimidazole resistance to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at three specific codons in the beta-tubulin gene, but similar associations in STH have not been consistently observed. …”
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Survival benefit from abemaciclib in non–small cell lung cancer by Kirsten rat sarcoma–mutation gene expression subtype: retrospective analysis from the JUNIPER Trial by Jiangang Liu, Hong Wang, Amit Aggarwal, Maria Jesus Ortiz-Ruiz, Elisabet Zapatero-Solana, Maria Jose Lallena, Sandra Peregrina, Gloria Martinez del Hoyo, Susana Velasco, Philip J. Ebert, Xueqian Gong, Anwar M. Hossain, Shawn T. Estrem

“…PurposeJUNIPER, a randomized, phase III trial of patients with stage IV non–small cell lung cancer and a detectable Kristen rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutation in codons 12 or 13 whose condition progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy and up to 1 additional therapy (could include immune checkpoint inhibitors), reported prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) but not overall survival (OS) among patients who were receiving abemaciclib versus those who were receiving erlotinib. …”
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