Asymmetric Four-Terminal Solar Concentrator Improving Power Collection in Bifacial Solar Cells by Floriana Morabito, Daniela Fontani, Paola Sansoni, Salvatore Lombardo, Andrea Farina, Silvia Maria Pietralunga

“…A prerequisite for this is the effective collection of backscattered diffuse light from albedo, to which self-shading is an obstacle. …”
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Microwave Radar Sensing of Sea Waves: An Effective Reflection Coefficient by Karaev Vladimir, Panfilova Mariya Andreevna, Titchenko Yu., Meshkov Evgeniy Mihaylovich, Kovaldov Dmitry, Xiuzhong Li, Yijun He

“…At the small incidence angles, the dominant backscattering mechanism for sea waves is the quasi-specular backscattering mechanism. …”
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EXPERIMENTAL TRIAL OF USING THE SCIENTIFIC MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER DESIGNED TO DETECT FISH IN A WILD FIELD OF VIEW by G. M. Abdurakhmanov, A. A. Teymurov, A. A. Gadzhiev, A. N. Dolgov, A. N. Kutsenko, M. A. Raskita, S. V. Tretyakov

“…Values of the volume backscattering coefficient obtained both from the multibeam echosounder and the Simrad EK60 echosounder are rather close. …”
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Radar reflection of cloud and weather precipitation at the various waves by Mikhail Rubenovich Vatiashvili

“…Taking into account the wave-length, by means of Сλi the specific particle backscattering area of cloud and weather precipitation (later CWP) ηλ, сm-1 was calculated, and without taking into account the wave-length - radar reflection of CWP (Z, mm6 ∙ m-3) at different units. …”
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The Fast Simulation of Scattering Characteristics from a Simplified Time Varying Sea Surface by Yiwen Wei, Lixin Guo, Xiao Meng

“…To reduce the number of the segments and make further improvement on the efficiency of PO method, a simplified sea surface is proposed. …”
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Two Alternative Methods to Measure the Radiated Emission in a Reverberation Chamber by Qian Xu, Yi Huang, Sheng Yuan, Lei Xing, Zhihao Tian

“…Furthermore, if only one antenna is available, by taking advantage of the enhanced backscattering effect, the measurement can still be completed. …”
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Bounds on the Electromagnetic Dipole Moments through the Single Top Production at the CLIC by M. Köksal, A. A. Billur, A. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez

“…We consider the processes γe-→t¯bνe (γ is the Compton backscattering photon) and e+e-→e-γ⁎e+→t¯bνee+ (γ⁎ is the Weizsacker-Williams photon) as they are one of the most important sources of single top quark production. …”
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All-optical modulator with photonic topological insulator made of metallic quantum wells by Wang Haiteng, Niu Junru, Chen Qiaolu, Zhao Sihan, Shao Hua, Yang Yihao, Chen Hongsheng, Li Shilong, Qian Haoliang

“…Since PTIs have attracted significant attention because of their unidirectional propagating edge states, which mitigate optical backscattering caused by structural imperfections or defects. …”
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Multifunction Transceiver for Data Communication, Radar Sensing and Power Transfer by Thomas Micallef, Intikhab Hussain, Ke Wu

“…Recent investigations are directing attention towards the development of systems that serve dual functions, like simultaneous wireless information and power transfer and radar-communication, aimed at boosting operational efficiency and ensuring seamless communication among different wireless capabilities. …”
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EVALUATION OF THE OBJECTIVES POLARIZATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PASSIVE HINDRANCES WITH THE DEVICE, BASED ON CONSIDERATION OF THE SPATIAL VARIATION OF THE FARADAY ROTATION ANGLE I... by Volodymyr I. Mirnenko, Evgen A.Yufa A. Yufa, Maxim N. Zhuravskij

“…In order to determine the operability of the device under various conditions and to evaluate its efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the device is calculated in the case where the backscattering matrix of the target and the matrix of the interference element (for example, dipole, angle reflector, etc.) are not diagonal, m .e. when a cross-polarization component appears when the signal from the target or from the interference element is reflected.…”
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Intelligent Pattern Recognition Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for Smart Environment by Brian Pamukti, Shofuro Afifah, Shien-Kuei Liaw, Jiun-Yu Sung, Daping Chu

“…Additionally, the backscattering method requires the signal to travel twice the normal distance, which can be inefficient. …”
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Surface Soil Moisture Estimation Taking into Account the Land Use and Fractional Vegetation Cover by Multi-Source Remote Sensing by Rencai Lin, Xiaohua Xu, Xiuping Zhang, Zhenning Hu, Guobin Wang, Yanping Shi, Xinyu Zhao, Honghui Sang

“…The results are as follows: (1) Compared with vertical–horizontal (VH) polarization, vertical–vertical (VV) polarization is more sensitive to soil backscattering (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>soil</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). …”
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Proximity effect correction in electron beam lithography using a composite function model of electron scattering energy distribution by Qingyuan Mao, Jingyuan Zhu, Xinbin Cheng, Zhanshan Wang

“…Moreover, this model not only optimizes the computational efficiency of PSF calculations but also demonstrates greater potential for applications in the exposure of complex structures such as meta-surface and meta-lens.…”
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Microphysical Interactions Determine the Effectiveness of Solar Radiation Modification via Stratospheric Solid Particle Injection by S. Vattioni, S. K. Käslin, J. A. Dykema, L. Beiping, T. Sukhodolov, J. Sedlacek, F. N. Keutsch, T. Peter, G. Chiodo

“…Using a global chemistry‐climate model with interactive solid particle microphysics, we show that agglomeration significantly reduces the backscatter efficiency per unit of injected material compared to mono‐disperse particles, partly due to faster settling of the agglomerates, but mainly due to increased forward‐ over backscattering with increasing agglomerate size. …”
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Enhanced U-Net for Underwater Laser Range-Gated Image Restoration: Boosting Underwater Target Recognition by Peng Liu, Shuaibao Chen, Wei He, Jue Wang, Liangpei Chen, Yuguang Tan, Dong Luo, Wei Chen, Guohua Jiao

“…Underwater optical imaging plays a crucial role in maritime safety, enabling reliable navigation, efficient search and rescue operations, precise target recognition, and robust military reconnaissance. …”
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Research Advances on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology for Seismology by Alidu Rashid, Bennet Nii Tackie-Otoo, Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff, Daniel Asante Otchere, Siti Nur Fathiyah Jamaludin, Dejen Teklu Asfha

“…DAS makes use of Rayleigh backscattering to detect and measure dynamic strain and vibrations over extended distances. …”
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Scalable Detection of Underground Water Leaks in Dense Urban Environments Using L-Band SAR and Machine Learning by E. Ali, E. Ali, L. Xie, A. Sani-Mohammed, W. Xu, T. Zayed

“…Traditional methods such as acoustic sensing and manual inspections often fall short in efficiency and scalability. This study proposes the use of L-band SAR imagery from ALOS-2 combined with machine learning techniques to address these challenges. …”
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Mapping total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in complex coastal waters using deep learning enhanced remote sensing by S.L. Kesav Unnithan, Nagur Cherukuru, Timothy Ingleton, Eric Lehmann, Matt Paget, Yiqing Guo, Nathan Drayson, Gemma Kerrisk

“…The spectral library consists of WQ parameters and Inherent Optical Properties (IOP) of water samples, including absorption and backscattering coefficients that drive a radiative transfer model to derive resultant Rrs. …”
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Design of a Double-Matched Cross-Polar Single Antenna Harmonic Tag by Alessandro DiCarlofelice, Antonio DiNatale, Emidio DiGiampaolo, Piero Tognolatti

“…Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has gained significant attention in various industry sectors due to its potential for efficient inventory management, asset tracking, and object localization. …”
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Retrieval of Parameters for Three-Layer Media with Nonsmooth Interfaces for Subsurface Remote Sensing by Yuriy Goykhman, Mahta Moghaddam

“…These matrices are then combined into the generalized scattering matrix for the entire system, from which radar scattering coefficients are then computed. To be efficiently utilized in the inverse problem, the forward scattering model is simulated over a wide range of unknowns to obtain a complete set of subspace-based equivalent closed-form models that relate radar backscattering coefficients to the sought-for parameters including dielectric constants of each layer and separation of the layers. …”
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