Urodynamics tests for the diagnosis and management of male bladder outlet obstruction: long-term follow-up of the UPSTREAM non-inferiority RCT by Madeleine Clout, Amanda L Lewis, Madeleine Cochrane, Grace J Young, Paul Abrams, Peter S Blair, Christopher Chapple, Gordon T Taylor, Sian Noble, Tom Steuart-Feilding, Jodi Taylor, J Athene Lane, Marcus J Drake

“…Main outcome measures The primary outcome was a patient-reported International Prostate Symptom Score 5 years post randomisation. Rates of surgery was the key secondary outcome. …”
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Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: a framework for producers and users of evidence by Peter Craig, Mhairi Campbell, Manuela Deidda, Ruth Dundas, Judith Green, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Jim Lewsey, David Ogilvie, Frank de Vocht, Martin White

“…Qualitative methods Qualitative methods make an essential contribution to most natural experimental evaluations, with evaluations benefitting from a mixed-method design incorporating qualitative methods throughout. …”
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Bisoprolol for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at high risk of exacerbation: the BICS RCT by Graham Devereux, Seonaidh Cotton, Mintu Nath, Nicola McMeekin, Karen Campbell, Rekha Chaudhuri, Gourab Choudhury, Anthony De Soyza, Shona Fielding, Simon Gompertz, John Haughney, Amanda Lee, Graeme MacLennan, Alyn Morice, John Norrie, David Price, Philip Short, Jorgen Vestbo, Paul Walker, Jadwiga Wedzicha, Andrew Wilson, Olivia Wu, Brian Lipworth

“…During a 4- to 7-week titration period, the maximum tolerated dose was established (1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.75 mg, 5 mg once daily). …”
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