Avelumab in First Line Maintenance in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (aUC) in Elderly Patients: Efficacy, Tolerability, and Quality of Life in Real Life Setting by Rossella De Luca, Pasquale Vitale, Alessio Pepe, Roberta Spedaliere, Alchiede Simonato, Raffaele Addeo, Giuseppe Cicero

“…Avelumab is an anti-PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody that restores antitumor T-cell immune function by blocking the binding of PD-1 to its ligand PD-L1. (2) Methods: Our study enrolled 60 elderly patients (≥70 years) diagnosed with aUC. …”
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Design of the “EAST” strategy in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis by Jiaqi Dai, Haobo Zhao, Xinyu Chen, Ping Nie, Jie Gong, Min Wang, Kezhong Zhang, Zhaolu Wang, Hua Lu

“…Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody which can inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and effectively reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. …”
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The Therapeutic Efficacy of MS473, a Fully Human Single-Chain Variable Fragment Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1, in a D-Galactosamine-Sensitized Mouse... by Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani, Hamid Reza Moradi, Abolfazl Fateh, Masoumeh Azizi, Farzaneh Nazari, Mahdieh Soezi, Seyed Davar Siadat

“…Targeting disseminated TSST-1 with the scFv, which has appropriate permeability and distribution throughout the body, may be an effective way to alleviate the malfunctioning of the immune system caused by TSST-1.…”
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ILC2s induce Treg but not Th2-type immunity through IL-33/ST2 pathway in pulmonary tuberculosis by Qifeng Li, Quan Wang, Zhenhua Xu

“… Introduction: We investigated the function of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and IL-33 in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). …”
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PO55 | Evaluation of safety and efficacy of emicizumab prophylaxis in pediatric patients with hemophilia A – a single centre experience

“… Background and Aims: Hemophilia A (HA) is an hereditary X-linked bleeding disorder secondary to deficiency of the clotting factor VIII (FVIII), that, if not properly treated, is associated with debilitating joint damage due to recurrent hemarthroses as well as life-threatening bleeds including intracranial hemorrhage The introduction of prophylaxis therapy with emicizumab, a monoclonal antibody that replaces the function of the activated FVIII and prevents bleeding, has changed the burden and improved the quality of life of haemophilic patients, mainly in the pediatric population. …”
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C3d-targeted complement inhibitors to correct complement dysregulation in aHUS patients by Valeria Guaschino, Donata Santarsiero, Sara Gastoldi, Joshua M. Thurman, V. Michael Holers, Shelia M. Violette, Fei Liu, Kelly C. Fahnoe, Chiara Guarinoni, Ariela Benigni, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Marina Noris, Sistiana Aiello

“…We demonstrate that anti-C3d-antibody conjugated with CR11-10, or CR11-17, or FH1–5 effectively prevented aHUS serum-induced complement activation on HMEC-1, outperforming their non-targeted soluble counterparts. …”
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Growth differentiation factor 15 aggravates sepsis-induced cognitive and memory impairments by promoting microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis by Lijiao Chen, Shiyuan Luo, Ting Liu, Zhewei Shuai, Yifan Song, Qianzi Yang, Ying Wang, Hongjun Huang, Yan Luo

“…The anti-GDF15 monoclonal antibody ponsegromab was injected intracerebroventricularly before modeling, and cognitive and memory functions of the septic mice were assessed using fear-conditioning and novel object recognition tests. …”
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OMALIZUMAB IN TREATMENT FOR ALLERGIES by T.V. Kulichenko

“…To day, omalizumab efficacy is studied in therapy for a number of other allergies thanks to its ability to suppress the Ige effect or function. The article highlights the modern experience of anti Ige antibodies application in treatment of adults and children, suffering from atopy.Key words: omalizumab, anti_ige_antibodies, Igе, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergen specific immunotherapy, treatment, children.…”
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An intranasally delivered peptide drug ameliorates cognitive decline in Alzheimer transgenic mice by Yu‐Sung Cheng, Zih‐ten Chen, Tai‐Yan Liao, Chen Lin, Howard C‐H Shen, Ya‐Han Wang, Chi‐Wei Chang, Ren‐Shyan Liu, Rita P‐Y Chen, Pang‐hsien Tu

“…The efficacy of the designed peptide, R8‐Aβ(25–35), on amyloid reduction and the improvement of cognitive functions were evaluated using APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. …”
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Depletion of conventional CD4+ T cells is required for robust priming and dissemination of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the setting of anti-CD4 therapy by Keisuke Shirai, Tiffany Chen, Mary Jo Turk, Delaney E Ramirez, Christo P C Dragnev, Tyler G Searles, Nathaniel Spicer, J Louise Lines, Aaron R Hawkes, Wilson L Davis, Asmaa Mohamed, Joseph D Phillips, Pamela C Rosato, Yina H Huang

“…Treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody is an effective means for eliminating CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory (Treg) cells in preclinical models and has also demonstrated efficacy in early clinical trials. …”
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B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and PD-1 pathway dual blockade promotes antitumor immune responses by reversing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in non-small cell lung cancer by Yang Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yang Yang, Yang Yang, Yuanyuan Zeng, Yuanyuan Zeng, Qiuxia Qu, Dan Shen, Chuanyong Mu, Wei Lei, Meiqin Su, Jingyu Mao, Lirong Gao, Zeyi Liu, Zeyi Liu, Cheng Chen, Jian-an Huang, Jian-an Huang

“…In addition, distribution and function of immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. …”
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Anti-colon cancer activity of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Gloeostereum incarnatum via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by Jiawei He, Anhui Yang, Xuyu Zhao, Yang Liu, Shuyan Liu, Di Wang

“…Eight-week administration with GIPS at doses of 30 or 90 mg/kg strongly inhibited tumor growth including the reduction on numbers and the suppression of the size without influencing the animals’ body weight and organ functions. According to the proteomics performing by antibody array, among 308 detected cytokines, GIPS significantly regulated 89 of them. …”
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Improvement of diabetes-induced spinal cord axon injury with taurine via nerve growth factor-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway by Yachen Wang, Bihu Gao, Xiaochi Chen, Xiaoxia Shi, Shuangyue Li, Qing Zhang, Cong Zhang, Fengyuan Piao

“…Mechanistically, the neuroprotection by taurine was related to the NGF–pAKT–mTOR axis, because either NGF-neutralizing antibody or Akt or mTOR inhibitors was found to attenuate its beneficial effects. …”
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LncRNA XIST promoted the stability of TLR9 mRNA in a FUS-dependent manner to facilitate aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in Th17/CD4+T cells by Wu Yan-ping, Ma Xiao, Han Si-ping, Wang Xiao-qin

“…ObjectiveTo explore the expression and function of lncRNA XIST in Th17 cells in IgA nephropathy （IgAN） and examine the regulation of lncRNA XIST on TLR9 mRNA expression.MethodsCD4+T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） and induced to differentiate into Th17 cells.XIST was over-expressed and silenced by plasmid transfection.Proliferation and apoptosis of Th17 cells with different levels of XIST expression were detected by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay.Levels of XIST，TLR9 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and Western blot.The effect of XIST on TLR9 expression was predicted by luciferase report analysis and TLR9 mRNA half-life detection.Potential RNA-binding proteins interacting with XIST were searched through Starbase database and detected by RNA immunoprecipitation and Western blot.GraphPad8.0 was utilized for statistical analysis and variables were expressed as average±SD.Student T test or one-way ANOVA was employed.ResultsXIST was distributed predominantly in cytoplasm.It hinted that XIST might be involved in post-transcriptional regulation.A down-regulation of lncRNA XIST expression promoted apoptosis and DNA damage and arrested cell proliferation by regulating TLR9.With an over-expression of lncRNA XIST，TLR9 expression spiked and XIST up-regulated the expression of TLR9 by promoting the stability of TLR9 mRNA.As an RNA-binding protein （RBP），FUS interacted with XIST and FUS antibodies could significantly enrich XIST transcripts.A down-regulation of lncRNA XIST expression had no effect on FUS protein expression.It suggested that XIST might affect FUS function rather than expression.It was further confirmed that a down-regulation of XIST significantly reduced FUS-TLR9 mRNA binding and FUS over-expression rescued a down-regulation and degradation of TLR9 mediated by si-XIST.ConclusionlncRNA XIST and TLR9 play a critical role in Th17 cell proliferation in IgAN through a FUS-mediated signaling pathway.This finding provides new therapeutic ideas for IgAN..…”
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CD137 and PD-L1 targeting with immunovirotherapy induces a potent and durable antitumor immune response in glioblastoma models by Hong Jiang, Sandra Hervás-Stubbs, Sara Labiano, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Juan Fueyo, Marta Alonso, Zhihong Chen, Montserrat Puigdelloses, Marc Garcia-Moure, Virginia Laspidea, Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz, Marta Zalacain, Lucia Marrodan, Naiara Martinez-Velez, Daniel De la Nava, Iker Ausejo, Guillermo Herrador, Dolores Hambardzumyan, Ana Patino Garcia, Jaime Gállego Pérez-Larraya

“…The tumor microenvironment was studied by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and IF.Results Delta-24-ACT was able to infect and exert a cytotoxic effect on murine and human glioma cell lines. Moreover, Delta-24-ACT expressed functional 4-1BBL that was able to costimulate T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. …”
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PLOD1 promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating the NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3-dependent TCA cycle by Chengfei Zhang, Yangchun Zhou, Minghua Hu, Yue Pan, Xin Chen, Qi Sun, Zhijie Ma, Cheng Wang, Yong Zha, Feng Zhu, Hongping Xia

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The impact of autoimmune thyroid disease on cognitive and psychiatric disorders: focus on clinical, pre-clinical and molecular studies by Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska, Monika K Duda, Joanna Bogusławska, Urszula Mackiewicz

“…Furthermore, data on the effect of anti-thyroid antibodies on brain function are scarce and inconclusive. …”
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Immune Checkpoints in B Cells: Unlocking New Potentials in Cancer Treatment by Xiaoye Shi, Xiangshu Cheng, Aimin Jiang, Wenjie Shi, Lingxuan Zhu, Weiming Mou, Antonino Glaviano, Zaoqu Liu, Quan Cheng, Anqi Lin, Linhui Wang, Peng Luo

“…Research has demonstrated that the TME can remodel various B cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation, antigen presentation, and antibody production, thereby invalidating the anti‐tumor effects of B cells. …”
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Downregulation of PD-L1 expression by Wnt pathway inhibition to enhance PD-1 blockade efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma by Yu-Yun Shao, Han-Yu Wang, Hung-Wei Hsu, Rita Robin Wo, Ann-Lii Cheng, Chih-Hung Hsu

“…Wnt pathway inhibition did not promote PD-L1 protein degradation but instead increased the level of unphosphorylated 4EBP1, which could prevent the translation function of eIF-4E. In vivo, mice treated with a combination of XAV939 and an anti-PD-L1 antibody had significantly smaller tumors compared to those treated with either agent alone. …”
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Antagonizing microRNA‐19a/b augments PTH anabolic action and restores bone mass in osteoporosis in mice by Hanna Taipaleenmäki, Hiroaki Saito, Saskia Schröder, Miki Maeda, Ramona Mettler, Matthias Ring, Ewa Rollmann, Andreas Gasser, Carl Haasper, Thorsten Gehrke, Alexander Weiss, Steffen K Grimm, Eric Hesse

“…In bones from patients with lower bone mass and from osteoporotic mice, miR‐19a/b expression is elevated, suggesting an inhibitory function in bone remodeling. Indeed, antagonizing miR‐19a/b in vivo increased bone mass without overt cytotoxic effects. …”
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