Controversies in thyroid disease management in pregnancy by Pushpa Singh, Kristien Boelaert

“…Adequate control of thyroid function is crucial for optimal pregnancy outcomes and neurodevelopment of the offspring, and testing for thyroid function is ideally performed using manufacturer- and gestation-specific reference ranges. …”
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Evaluation of CD47 in the Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer by Qianqian Wang, Chunxaing Feng, Yuchun Chen, Tianming Peng, Yong Li, Kunlin Wu, Xiaoyong Pu, Hanzhong Chen, Jiumin Liu

“…Although immunotherapy for tumors has developed rapidly in the last few decades, its effectiveness in treating prostate cancer is unsatisfactory. …”
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Clinical and Biochemical Features Used to Classify Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review by Ulagamadesan Venkatesan, Anandakumar Amutha, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Bagavandas Mappillairajan, Viswanathan Mohan

“…While age at diagnosis, autoimmune markers, and beta-cell function are among the crucial clinical parameters, biochemical indicators like C-peptide levels and antibody analyses play a pivotal role. …”
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Immunotoxicity Studies on the Insecticide 2-((1-(4-Phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)pyridine (MPEP) in Hsd:Harlan Sprague Dawley SD^® Rats by Victor J. Johnson, Stefanie C. M. Burleson, Michael I. Luster, Gary R. Burleson, Barry McIntyre, Veronica G. Robinson, Reshan A. Fernando, James Blake, Donna Browning, Stephen Cooper, Shawn Harris, Dori R. Germolec

“…However, MPEP treatment had no effect on the ability of rats to clear the influenza virus nor the T-dependent IgM and IgG antibody response to the virus. …”
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Short-term immune-checkpoint inhibition partially rescues perturbed bone marrow hematopoiesis in mismatch-repair deficient tumors by Paula Krone, Annabell Wolff, Julia Teichmann, Johanna Maennicke, Julia Henne, Leonie Engster, Inken Salewski, Wendy Bergmann, Christian Junghanss, Claudia Maletzki

“…Additional normalizing effects of ICI treatment were observed for lin−c-Kit+IRF8+ hematopoietic stem cells, which function as a “master” negative regulator of the formation of polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cell generation. …”
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Tissue-Resident Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Arrest Alveolarization in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia by Lanlan Mi, Shaoxuan Zhu, Jiayu Cai, Suqing Xu, Zhengyang Xue, Hongyan Lu

“…In addition, the depletion of ILC2s in BPD mice with anti-CD90.2 antibody substantially abolished the destructive effect on BPD. …”
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Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 prevents murine miscarriage by inducing appropriate inflammation by Yumi Horii, Hajime Ino, Fumiyuki Sasaki, Mariko Ishibashi, Eri Koike, Yoko Kawamoto, Richard A. Flavell, Ryuji Ohashi, Shunji Suzuki, Yasuyuki Negishi, Rimpei Morita

“…Abstract IL-18 is a unique cytokine that exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the surrounding environments. …”
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Thyroid Hormones, Autoantibodies, Ultrasonography, and Clinical Parameters for Predicting Thyroid Cancer by Lin-zheng He, Tian-shu Zeng, Lin Pu, Shi-xiu Pan, Wen-fang Xia, Lu-lu Chen

“…There was an incremental increase in TSH concentration along with the increasing tumor size (p<0.001). Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) concentration was associated with an increased risk of malignancy (p=0.029), but this association was lost when the effect of TSH was taken into account (p=0.11). …”
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Epithelial GREMLIN1 disrupts intestinal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk to induce a wnt-dependent ectopic stem cell niche through stromal remodelling by Eoghan J. Mulholland, Hayley L. Belnoue-Davis, Gabriel N. Valbuena, Nuray Gunduz, Amelia Ligeza, Muyang Lin, Sujata Biswas, Ester Gil Vasquez, Sulochana Omwenga, Nadia Nasreddin, Michael C. Hodder, Lai Mun Wang, Aik Seng Ng, Elizabeth Jennings, Kim S. Midwood, Neesha Dedi, Shazia Irshad, Rachel A. Ridgway, Toby J. Phesse, James East, Ian PM Tomlinson, Gareth CG Davies, Owen J. Sansom, Simon J. Leedham

“…Abstract In homeostasis, counterbalanced morphogen signalling gradients along the vertical axis of the intestinal mucosa regulate the fate and function of epithelial and stromal cell compartments. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential in Organ Transplantation by Wennuo Pan, Shaohan Li, Kunsheng Li, Pengyu Zhou

“…However, the field of organ transplantation is still facing many challenges, including the shortage of organ donors, graft function damage caused by organ metastasis, and antibody-mediated immune rejection. …”
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Meta-analysis of Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by DENG Hongxiao, LIU Yansong, WANG Yaya, SI Xinying, DING Zhiguo

“…Meta-analysis showed that Chaihu Shugan Powder could improve the clinical effectiveness rate of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis [RR （95%CI） =1.21 （1.13， 1.30）]， reduce the levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody [TPO-Ab， SMD （95%CI） =-1.61 （-2.28， -0.94）]， decrease the level of thyroglobulin antibody [TgAb， SMD （95%CI） =-1.28 （-1.70， -0.86）]， reduce traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score [MD （95%CI） =-6.15 （-6.69， -5.61）]， improve function of thyroid [TSH： MD （95%CI） =-0.83 （-1.57， -0.09）， FT₃： MD （95%CI） =0.64 （0.12， 1.16）， FT₄： MD （95%CI） =2.31 （0.70， 3.92）] and reduce the level of inflammatory factor interleukin-23 [IL-23， SMD （95%CI） =-1.92 （-2.29， -1.54）]. …”
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Monocyte-derived APCs are central to the response of PD1 checkpoint blockade and provide a therapeutic target for combination therapy by Louis Boon, Matheus H W Crommentuijn, Sjoerd T T Schetters, Laura J W Kruijssen, Yvette van Kooyk, Ernesto Rodriguez, Jan Van den Bossche, Joke M M Den Haan

“…Lastly, we investigated the effect of CD40 agonistic antibody on the tumor-infiltrating monocyte-derived cells during αPD1 ICB.Results We show that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) express high levels of costimulatory molecules and are correlated with effector TILs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) after αPD1 ICB only in responding mouse tumor models. …”
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Clinical significance of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 in vascular endothelial injury of end-stage renal disease patients by Wang Lan-min, Sun Dong

“…Objective To compare the serum levels of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 between maintenance dialysis and non-dialysis end-stage renal disease（ESRD）patients and explore the effect of dialysis versusnon-dialysis on vascular endothelial damage.Methods A total of 71 ESRD patients were selected and divided into two groups of MHD（n=35）and N-HD（n=36）.At the same time, 20 cases of normal control group（group C）were selected.And 5 mL of venous blood was harvested from normal control and non-dialysis groups in the morning under a fasting state.Also 5 mL of venous blood was collected from dialysis group on the day of dialysis from the side of internal fistula under a fasting state.The samples were submitted to the biochemical room for blood routine, parathyroid hormone（PTH）,hepato-renal function, blood glucose, blood lipid and electrolytes.Another 4 mL of venous blood was tested for the values of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.Results Among three groups, no significant difference existed in gender, age or etiology（all P>0.05）.And significant differences existed in hemoglobin（Hb）,PTH,blood phosphorus, albumin（Alb）,triglyceride（TG）,total cholesterol（TC）,low-density lipoprotein（LDL）,blood urea nitrogen（BUN）,creatinine（Cr）and uric acid（UA）（all P<0.05）.Also significant differences existed between MHD and control groups（all P<0.05）;And significant differences existed in the above parameters between N-HD and control groups（all P<0.05）.PTH,BUN,Cr and UA in N-HD group were significantly higher than those in MHD group（all P<0.05）.No significant differences existed in Hb, serum calcium, phosphorus, ALB,TG,LDL and high-density lipoprotein（HDL）between MHD and N-HD groups（both P>0.05）.ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 were higher in MHD group than those in control group（all P<0.05）.ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 were higher in N-HD group than those in control group（all P<0.05）.ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 were significantly higher in N-HD group than those in MHD group（all P<0.05）.Conclusion The serum expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 in ESRD patients with MHD are lower than those in N-HD patients.It indicates that maintenance hemodialysis has a protective effect on vascular endothelial injury in ESRD patients.…”
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CardiLect: A combined cross‐species lectin histochemistry protocol for the automated analysis of cardiac remodelling by Tamás G. Gergely, Tamás Kovács, Andrea Kovács, Viktória E. Tóth, Nabil V. Sayour, Gábor M. Mórotz, Csenger Kovácsházi, Gábor B. Brenner, Zsófia Onódi, Balázs Enyedi, Domokos Máthé, Przemyslaw Leszek, Zoltán Giricz, Péter Ferdinandy, Zoltán V. Varga

“…To achieve this, optimized protocols are needed, and the species specificity is dependent on the antibody used. Lectin histochemistry offers several advantages compared to antibody‐based immunohistochemistry, including as cost‐effectiveness and cross‐species applicability. …”
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Super-Charged Natural Killer Cells: A Promising Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Oral Cancer by Kawaljit Kaur, Anahid Jewett

“…NK cells contribute to the lysis and growth inhibition of cancer, mediating direct cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and regulating the functions of other immune cells, respectively. …”
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Neutrophil-Derived MRP14 Supports Plasma Cell Commitment and Protects Myeloma Cells from Apoptosis by Zhihong Zhao, Zhonghua Luo, Qian Yang, Hongbo Chang, Pengcheng Liu, Zhichao Li, Shengli Guo, Chunhui Zhou, Jian Song, Weidong Cao

“…Neutrophils have recently been proposed as cells with high functional plasticity and are involved in the pathogenesis of infections, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. …”
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Modulating IL-21-driven B cell responses in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies via inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway by Ana Merino-Vico, Merve Kocyigit, Giulia Frazzei, Lisa Landman, Louis Boon, Ester M. van Leeuwen, Ingrid E. Lundberg, Anneke J. van der Kooi, Joost Raaphorst, Jan Piet van Hamburg, Sander W. Tas

“…Tofacitinib significantly inhibited CD40/IL-21-induced B cell proliferation, plasmablast formation and function in PBMC and B cell-only cultures across all IIM subgroups, predominantly affecting the IL-21-induced differentiation and antibody production. …”
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Decoding canine parvovirus: biomarkers for diagnosis and advances in vaccine development to address emerging challenges by Hao Li, Shengnan Li, Ye Pan, Qiumei Shi, Qiumei Shi

“…In vaccine development, attenuated live vaccines remain effective for preventing CPV enteritis but face challenges like maternal antibody interference and reduced efficacy caused by viral mutation. …”
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Small molecule inhibitors of the Dishevelled‐CXXC5 interaction are new drug candidates for bone anabolic osteoporosis therapy by Hyun‐Yi Kim, Sehee Choi, Ji‐Hye Yoon, Hwan Jung Lim, Hyuk Lee, Jiwon Choi, Eun Ji Ro, Jung‐Nyoung Heo, Weontae Lee, Kyoung Tai No, Kang‐Yell Choi

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SIRPα blockade therapy potentiates immunotherapy by inhibiting PD-L1+ myeloid cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by Da Huang, Min Xu, Hui Wang, Yufei Zhao, Zihao Zhang, Mincheng Yu, Mingqin Zhou, Jingying Pan, Hong Zeng, Zichuan Yu, Qiang Yu, Mengyuan Wu, Wenxin Xu, Binghai Zhou, Bo Zhang, Hui Li, Lei Guo, Peiyi Xie

“…In a series of in vivo experiments, we demonstrated the anti-tumor and immune-active effect of SIRPα-blocked therapy. Mechanistically, anti-SIRPα inhibited the immunosuppressive function and PD-L1 expression of TIMs through downregulating PI3K/AKT signaling in myeloid cells. …”
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