Citizen scientists reliably count endangered Galápagos marine iguanas from drone images by Andrea Varela-Jaramillo, Christian Winkelmann, Andrés Mármol-Guijarro, Juan M. Guayasamin, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Sebastian Steinfartz, Amy MacLeod

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Preparation of GRCop-42 Cu Alloy by Laser-Directed Energy Deposition: Role of Laser Power on Densification, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties by Chao Liu, Ping Han, Hongwei Sun, Yun Zhao

“…The alloy exhibited optimal microstructure and properties at a laser power of 2000 W, with a room temperature tensile strength of 319 ± 6.5 MPa and an elongation of 25.42 ± 1.9%. …”
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Developing operational risk-level assessment for selecting auditable units: Factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process approach by Fuad Ramdhan Dewantoro

“…Compared with the previous method, this new method shows a narrower but more optimal risk-level range, a slightly higher average operational risk level, and fewer cases of underestimation or overestimation. …”
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Research progress in field synergy theory and its application in heat transfer processes of non-Newtonian fluids by HUANG Shi-zheng1, PAN Wei1, YANG Wei-min2, ZENG Xian-kui1, JIAN Ran-ran1,2,3

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Exploring Kernel Machines and Support Vector Machines: Principles, Techniques, and Future Directions by Ke-Lin Du, Bingchun Jiang, Jiabin Lu, Jingyu Hua, M. N. S. Swamy

“…Based on statistical learning theory and the maximum margin principle, SVM attempts to determine an optimal hyperplane by addressing a quadratic programming (QP) problem. …”
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Estimation of plant leaf water content based on spectroscopy by Jiangtao Ji, Xinyi Lu, Hao Ma, Xin Jin, Shijie Jiang, Hongwei Cui, Xiaoxuan Lu, Yaqing Yang

“…The accuracy and number of wavelengths used in each model were systematically evaluated. The optimal model was used to predict the water content of each pixel in the hyperspectral images, achieving visualization of leaf water distribution. …”
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Hollow Fiber–Supported ZIF-8@GO Reinforced Sol–Gel for Preconcentration of Paraquat Before Determination by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry by Narges Vaezi, Naser Dalali

“…Key microextraction parameters, such as the donor phase pH and volume, stirring rate, extraction time, and desorption conditions (solvent type and volume), were systematically studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated linearity within the range of 0.5–2000 μg L−1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. …”
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Study on the Utilization and Impact of Financial Derivatives in Chinese Listed Companies by Sun Pengpeng

“…The findings of this study provide a reference for firms to formulate more effective risk management strategies and empirical support for policy makers to optimize the regulatory system and market structure.…”
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Reflux Dissolution of Thorium Dioxide in Nitric Acid by Zong-hui LU, Ting YU, Bin LI, Hui HE, Ye ZHANG

“…This study aims to investigate the reflux dissolution process of thorium dioxide in nitric acid, seeking an alternative to the current fluoride ion-dependent dissolution methods to prevent corrosion of stainless steel dissolvers and subsequent processing issues. By employing a reflux dissolution apparatus and utilizing nitric acid as the solvent, the effects of initial nitric acid concentration, temperature, and initial thorium ion concentration on the dissolution efficiency of thorium dioxide were systematically studied. …”
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Effect of Blade Profile on Flow Characteristics and Efficiency of Cross-Flow Turbines by Ephrem Yohannes Assefa, Asfafaw Haileselassie Tesfay

“…Sharp blades also demonstrated competitive efficiency within a narrower optimal speed range. In contrast, the flat and round blades exhibited higher turbulence and recirculation, particularly at off-optimal speeds. …”
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Effect of longitudinal and cross feed on flatness and surface roughness in flat grinding by Hristijan Zisov, Dimitar Milkov, Atanas Cangulski, Ema Vasileska, Ognen Tuteski, Boban Kusigerski, Jasmina Caloska

“…A full-factorial experimental design is implemented to systematically analyze the interaction between these factors. …”
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Comparing Large Language Models and Human Programmers for Generating Programming Code by Wenpin Hou, Zhicheng Ji

“…A programming assistant is designed based on an optimal prompt strategy to facilitate the practical use of LLMs for programming.…”
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COmmunity and Single Microbe Optimisation System (COSMOS) by Lavanya Raajaraam, Karthik Raman

“…While monocultures offer simplicity, communities provide metabolic diversity and cooperative biosynthesis. To systematically evaluate these systems, we developed COmmunity and Single Microbe Optimisation System (COSMOS), a dynamic computational framework that simulates and compares monocultures and co-cultures to determine optimal microbial systems tailored to a specific environment. …”
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Buccal Absorption of Biopharmaceutics Classification System III Drugs: Formulation Approaches and Mechanistic Insights by Rayan Sabra, Daniel Kirby, Vikram Chouk, Kleta Malgorzata, Afzal R. Mohammed

“…Furthermore, the review advocates for integrating conventional buccal dosage forms with these formulation approaches as a potential strategy to enhance absorption. By emphasizing bioavailability enhancement, this review contributes to a holistic understanding of optimizing buccal absorption for BCS Class III drugs, presenting a unified approach to overcome inherent limitations in their delivery.…”
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Experimental study on laser cutting process of simulated fast Reactor fuel rods by Tianchi Li, Zengliang Mo, Qi Chen, Jia Zhou, Zhi Cao, Jianhua Guo, Zhongyuan Yang, Chunwei Tang, Hongmei Zhang, Tao Xiao, Wensi Li, Yuzhou Ming, Fang Liu, Taihong Yan, Gaoyang Mi, Weifang Zheng

“…The results show that optimal cutting is achieved with a cutting speed of 1 m/min, a focal position between − 20 and − 25 mm, a laser power between 7200 and 9600 W, and a gas pressure of 10 MPa. …”
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Application and Development of Large Language Models in Smart Inhalers by Wenxu Guo, Zhihong Cheng, Jian Wang

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Numerical study on the surface evolution and flow dynamics in laser polishing of 100Cr6 steel based on the coupled capillary and thermocapillary flow by Chuqiao Fang, Wei Dai, Xiao Wu, Sijin Wang

“…Additionally, the molten pool can form within a suitable temperature and time range for LP using these optimized parameters. …”
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Constitutive Model and Hot Processing Map of Ni-Cr-Fe Heat-resistant Alloy for Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Boilers by Gao　Pei, Huang　Guijun

“…Based on the Arrhenius hyperbolic sine model， strain factor is innovatively introduced to construct an improved constitutive model suitable for heat-resistant alloys， and two indexes， correlation coefficient R and absolute error δ， are used to evaluate the accuracy of the model's prediction of rheological stress； At the same time， by constructing the hot processing map of the heat-resistant alloy and the microstructure analysis， the optimal range of hot working process parameters of the alloy is systematically evaluated and determined. …”
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Tailoring mechanical properties of alkali activated slag-electric furnace nickel slag composite system through Ca/Si and Si/Al ratios by Xuefang Wang, Zixuan Peng, Xianpeng Li, Huaqiang Sun, Liwei Xu, Wenda Wu

“…The Ca/Si and Si/Al ratios of the precursor materials were adjusted by controlling the GBFS dosage, and their effects on the compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructure of AAS-ENS composites were systematically investigated. The results indicate that compressive strength exhibits a quadratic relationship with the Ca/Si ratio, with an optimal range of 0.35–0.45. …”
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Multilevel selection favors fragmentation modes that maintain cooperative interactions in multispecies communities. by Gil J B Henriques, Simon van Vliet, Michael Doebeli

“…We find that for groups consisting of a single species, the optimal fragmentation mode consists of releasing single-cell propagules. …”
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