The absolutist origin of capitalism by Nicolas Pinsard

“…Officeholders could thus extract surplus labour, primarily from the peasantry. The transition to an economy where markets became a compulsory stage for tax payment and the resurgence of the state established a regime of rent-exploitation and relationships of indirect, collective exploitation. …”
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Evaluation of Coupled Model Forecasts of Ethiopian Highlands Summer Climate by Mark R. Jury

“…Farmers using prediction technology are better informed to avoid risk in dry years and generate surplus in wet years.…”
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Post-Colonial Macau: hope and despair in a World Centre of Tourism and Leisure by Michael O’Regan

“…The paper argues that the miraculous swiftness of GDP per capital, employment and budget surplus growth, was a result of a new post-colonial elite looking backwards into its colonial past. …”
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Executive Summary of the Economic Contributions and Ecosystem Services of Springs in the Lower Suwannee and Santa Fe River Basins of North-Central Florida by Tatiana Borisova, Alan W. Hodges, Thomas J. Stevens

“… This study examined the economic contributions, consumer surplus, and ecosystem services provided by recreational use of fifteen major springs sites in north central Florida. …”
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Oxidative Stress and Its Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases by Julija Valaitienė, Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė

“…CVDs share heterogeneous pathophysiologic mechanisms, one of which includes increased oxidative stress. Main Body Surplus levels of reactive oxygen species induce damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. …”
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Nitrogen Efficiency in Agriculture in Europe and India by Klaas W. Van der Hoek

“…In addition to detailed descriptions of the nitrogen balance sheets, brief recommendations for reducing nitrogen surpluses are also given. Surprisingly, the balance sheets for crop production and the agricultural sector as a whole showed a surplus of about 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare of agricultural land.…”
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The First Passage Time Problem for Mixed-Exponential Jump Processes with Applications in Insurance and Finance by Chuancun Yin, Yuzhen Wen, Zhaojun Zong, Ying Shen

“…As applications, we present explicit expression of the Gerber-Shiu functions for surplus processes with two-sided jumps, present the analytical solutions for popular path-dependent options such as lookback and barrier options in terms of Laplace transforms, and give a closed-form expression on the price of the zero-coupon bond under a structural credit risk model with jumps.…”
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Executive Summary of the Economic Contributions and Ecosystem Services of Springs in the Lower Suwannee and Santa Fe River Basins of North-Central Florida by Tatiana Borisova, Alan W. Hodges, Thomas J. Stevens

“… This study examined the economic contributions, consumer surplus, and ecosystem services provided by recreational use of fifteen major springs sites in north central Florida. …”
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Improving the methodology for assessing the sustainable development of municipalities by M. V. Kukarin, V. V. Rokotyanskaya

“…The assessment methodology is supplemented by the following indicators of the budget subsystem: overall budget stability; budget deficit/surplus; total solvency; the ratio of accounts payable and local budget expenditures; the ratio of municipal debt and revenue; the level of budget balance.…”
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NILAI EKONOMI AIR RUMAH TANGGA MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN ULAYAT BULUHCINA by Emy Sadjati, Enny Insusanty

“…Kesediaaan membayar Willingness to Pay(kesediaan membayar) masyarakat sebesar Rp 270.217.373.124 per tahun sehingga diperoleh surplus konsumen Rp 218.303.290.167 per tahun. 218.303.290.167 per tahun. …”
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Silver Diamine Fluoride Use in Children with Special Health-care Needs: Breaking the Barriers by Simran Uppal, Amina Sultan, Akanksha Juneja

“…Dental caries is the most common unmet dental need of children with special health-care needs (SHCNs), and their treatment is challenging in routine dental settings. Based on surplus evidence, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a simple, safe, cost-effective, and efficient topical solution for treating dental caries. …”
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An Investigation on Users’ Perceptions of Open Government Data in Qatar by Rima Charbaji El-Kassem, Ali Al-Kubaisi

“…The OGD gap revealed an 82% surplus. Path analysis demonstrated that the OGD gap, combined with two other latent variables, significantly influenced users’ trust in OGD. …”
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Portfolio Selection with Liability and Affine Interest Rate in the HARA Utility Framework by Hao Chang, Kai Chang, Ji-mei Lu

“…The investors wish to look for an optimal investment strategy to maximize the expected utility of the terminal surplus under hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) utility function, which consists of power utility, exponential utility, and logarithm utility as special cases. …”
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Restructuring the Economic Policy Framework in Brazil: Genuine or Gattopardo change? by Rui Lyrio Modenesi, André de Melo Modenesi, Norberto Montani Martins, Patrick Fontaine

“…In 1999, the macroeconomic tripod – inflation targeting; floating exchange rate; and budget surplus targeting – aligned with the New Consensus on Macroeconomics was adopted. …”
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Microstructure characterization of porous microalloyed aluminium-silicate ceramics by Purenović Jelena, Mitić V.V., Paunović V., Purenović M.

“…Kaolinite and bentonite clay powders mixed with active additives, based on Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)2, sintered at high temperatures produce very porous ceramics with microcrystalline and amorphous regions and highly developed metalized surfaces (mainly with magnesium surplus). Microstructure investigations have revealed non-uniform and highly porous structure with broad distribution of grain size, specifically shaped grains and high degree of agglomeration. …”
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Theoretical Dispute About the Relationship Between Interest and Growth Rates by Überblick

“…This results in a call for political change, away from limiting public debt and towards a reduction of the savings surplus. Both the theory and the policy implication have elicited a great deal of attention at academic conferences. …”
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Dual-Channel Decisions under Blockchain and Returns by Guangdong Liu, Ziyang Li, Jinggui Chen

“…In most situations, implementing blockchain technology can boost consumer surplus. Only if the fixed cost of blockchain technology is low would the manufacturer adopt it.…”
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Developing a Model for the University Course Timetabling Problem: A Case Study by Mozhgan Mokhtari, Majid Vaziri Sarashk, Milad Asadpour, Nadia Saeidi, Omid Boyer

“…The proposed model minimized the violation of the lecturers and educational priorities, the student travel time between classes, and the classes’ surplus capacity. To convert the multiobjective model into a single one, the ε-constraint method was adopted, and the model’s accuracy and feasibility were examined through a real example solved by the CPLEX solver of GAMS software. …”
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Optimal investment and reinsurance for the insurer and reinsurer with the joint exponential utility by Wuyuan Jiang, Zechao Miao, Jun Liu

“…In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal investment-reinsurance for the insurer and reinsurer under the stochastic volatility model. The surplus process of the insurer is described by a diffusion model. …”
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ANALYSIS OF THE TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY by Emilija Miteva-Kacarski, Iskra Stanceva-Gigov, Kostadinka Cabuleva

“…The results of the analysis point to the fact that in the past few years the RM has realized a trade surplus in the exchange with FRG as a result of the catalyst export of bearers of precious metals and their compounds, the product category which brings the country a comparative advantage in the exchange with FRG. …”
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