The use of artificial intelligence to identify ophthalmic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease and stroke: a narrative review by Diogo Gonçalves dos Santos Martins, Thiago Goncalves dos Santos Martins, Paulo Schor

“…RESULTS: A total of 30 references were retrieved, of which 14 were considered eligible for intensive review and critical analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence has proven effective in identifying non-invasive biomarkers through the analysis of patients’ retinal examinations. …”
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The Relationship Between Aortic Stenosis and the Possibility of Subsequent Macular Diseases: A Nationwide Database Study by Chia-Yi Lee, Shun-Fa Yang, Elsa Lin-Chin Mai, Jing-Yang Huang, Chao-Bin Yeh, Chao-Kai Chang

“…The major outcomes of the present study include the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). …”
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SS-OCTA assessment of fundus microvascular changes and their correlation with coronary lesion severity in severe coronary heart disease by Dandan Zong, Huiyu Xi, Yewen Ni, Tian Liang, Meishuang Li, Jun Zhou, Haiyang Liu

“…Retinal VD in patients requiring revascularization for CHD is significantly lower compared to healthy controls. …”
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Macular telangiectasia type 2 by O.V. Ageeva, M.V. Gatsu

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Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Precision Therapeutics for Advancing the Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Mini Han Wang

“…Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial retinal disease influenced by complex molecular mechanisms, including genetic susceptibility, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. …”
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EHO-Q-LGAN: An EHO-Based Q-Learning GAN for the Timely Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy by Maneesha Vadduri, P. Kuppusamy

“…The dynamic segmentation model accurately identifies internal retinal components by incorporating advanced methods for image processing such as vessel enhancement, multi-scale analysis, and adaptive thresholding processes. …”
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The impact of demographics and positioning on the imaging features of the optic nerve sheath and ophthalmic vessels by David Berhanu, Luís Abegão Pinto, Inês Carneiro, Isabel Fragata, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Lia Lucas Neto

“…The mean ONSD was 5.9 mm and there was a mean reduction of 0.2 mm when assessed in sitting position (p < 0.001). Doppler analysis showed higher peak-systolic velocity and resistive index in the ophthalmic artery (35.6 cm/s vs. 12.0 cm/s; 0.78 vs. 0.70) compared to the central retinal artery (p < 0.001). …”
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Utility of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Posterior Segment Ocular Lesions Using Sensitivity and Specificity by Deb K. Boruah, Daisy Vishwakarma, Pallavi Gogoi, Navneet R Lal, Arup Deuri

“…The final diagnosis was made by correlating the USG findings with clinical and ophthalmological examinations. Statistical analysis: Sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy of B-scan USG were compared with the ophthalmological findings by using the Chi-square test. …”
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Causal role of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study by Li-Yun Yuan, Wang-Ming Su, Liang-Pin Li, Xiao-Feng Tian, Xue-Li Zheng, Xiao-Yong Yuan

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Structural and Functional Correlations in Patients with Advanced Stages of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma by V. I. Kotelin, S. Yu. Petrov, A. N. Zhuravleva, M. V. Zueva, I. V. Tsapenko

“…The thickness of the ganglion cell complex (GCC), including the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGC), and the inner plexiform layer (INL) in the macular region, was assessed in nine segments. …”
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Automated fluid monitoring to optimize the follow-up of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients in the Brazilian population by Virginia Mares, Gregor S. Reiter, Aniel Feitosa, Markus Gumpinger, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Marcio B. Nehemy

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Long-term results (60 months) of anti-VEGF therapy of macular diseases in real clinical practice. Part 2. by E. V. Bobykin, R. V. Buslaev, V. Y. Krokhalev, O. V. Morozova, N. S. Beresneva

“…Statistical analysis of demographic indicators and treatment results was carried out using STATISTICA 13.3 software: conditions of normality for variables, nonparametric and parametric criteria were determined, and rank analysis of variance was carried out. …”
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Morphological, vascular, and functional changes in macular telangiectasia type 2 in Egyptian patients by Shaimaa Ibrahim Gafar, Hany Hamza, Ihab Abdelaziz, Rania G. Estawro, Shaymaa Hassan Salah

“…Abstract Little documented studies regarding analysis of macular telangiectasia type 2 in Egyptian patients. …”
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The infectious status of patients with Coats disease by N. V. Neroeva, V. E. Tankovskiy, S. I. Ponomareva

“…Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 30 patients (36 eyes) aged from 18 to 78 years (mean 45.6 ± 15.8 years) with Coats' disease, who were treated in the Department of Retinal and Optic Nerve Pathology of the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases in the period from 2008 to 2023. …”
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A Comprehensive Survey on Detection of Ocular and Non-Ocular Diseases Using Color Fundus Images by Megha Gupta, Sneha Gupta, Gopinath Palanisamy, J. S. Nisha, Veerapu Goutham, S. Arun Kumar, K. Gavaskar, Ganesh R. Naik

“…Additionally, models such as CNNs, DNNs, and DenseNet-169 have been effective for CVD detection through analysis of retinal images. The review examines strategies to advance detection techniques for each disease, with a particular emphasis on future research directions aimed at improving early disease detection.…”
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Local and systemic production of 45 cytokines in complicated proliferative diabetic retinopaty by V. V. Neroev, O. V. Zaytseva, N. V. Balatskaya, A. A. Lazutova

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Differential diagnosis of solar maculopathy and congenital cone dystrophy: a clinical case by I. E. Ioshin, D. A. Merkushenkova

“…The paper presents a clinical case of solar maculopathy with an analysis of differential diagnostics used.…”
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The Influence of the Variability of the Profibrinolytic Response of the Blood Vessel Wall on the Effectiveness of Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Part 3 by S. I. Makogon, A. P. Momot

“…In the both groups, a comparative analysis of the hemostasis and fibrinolysis system indicators, as well as the functional parameters of the organ of vision, hydrodynamics and retinal sensitivity, was carried out. …”
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Demyelination and neurodegeneration early in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis contribute to functional deficits in the anterior visual pathway by Maria T. Sekyi, Micah Feri, Shane Desfor, Kelley C. Atkinson, Batis Golestany, Fernando Beltran, Seema K. Tiwari-Woodruff

“…Abnormal visual evoked potential (VEP) findings of increased latencies, reduced amplitudes and abnormal waveforms as well as decreased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) are hallmarks of ON-induced visual dysfunction. …”
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New Qualitative Methods for Assessing the “Fluid” in the Retina in Age-Related Macular Degeneration by M. V. Budzinskaya, A. A. Plyukhova

“…In the modern world there are transition from quantitative assessment of “fluid” according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) — the thickness of the central retinal zone, to qualitative — the presence of IRF, SRF, fluid under RPE. …”
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