Development and Analysis of a Global Refractive Index of Water Data Layer for Spaceborne and Airborne Bathymetric Lidar by James T. Dietrich, Christopher E. Parrish

“…This study developed and evaluated a new global refractive index of water data layer. A two‐phased sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate how systematic and random uncertainties in the refractive index layers impact bathymetric lidar uncertainty. …”
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Multi-UAV Trajectory Planning Based on a Two-Layer Algorithm Under Four-Dimensional Constraints by Yong Yang, Yujie Fu, Runpeng Xin, Weiqi Feng, Kaijun Xu

“…In the lower layer path planning stage, considering the limitations of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), such as slow convergence, low precision, and susceptibility to local optima, this study integrates a backward learning mechanism, nonlinear convergence factor, random number generation strategy, and genetic algorithm principle to construct an improved IWOA. …”
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Transfer Learning-Empowered Physical Layer Security in Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-Based Mobile Networks by Yosefine Triwidyastuti, Tri Nhu Do, Ridho Hendra Yoga Perdana, Kyusung Shim, Beongku An

“…This paper investigates the enhancement of physical layer security (PHY security) in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS)-aided terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (TN/NTN), focusing on the challenges posed by node mobility. …”
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Integrated GBR–NSGA-II Optimization Framework for Sustainable Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Base Layers by Merve Akbas

“…Four advanced tree-based ensemble regression algorithms—Random Forest Regressor (RFR), Extremely Randomized Trees (ERTs), Gradient Boosted Regressor (GBR), and Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor (XGBR)—were rigorously evaluated. …”
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Multi-layer control strategy to enhance the economy and stability of battery energy storage system in wind farms by Jiajie Xiao, Peiqiang Li, Zhiyu Mao, Hanbin Diao, Jintao Li, Chunming Tu

“…This means addresses the deficient analytical prowess of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithms in local wind power resolution and their low computational efficiency, while effectively reducing BESS rated power and energy losses. The middle layer is contrived to enhance the robustness of the BESS in smoothing energy imbalances under random wind power fluctuations. …”
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Dynamic Response of Multitower Suspension Bridge Deck Pavement under Random Vehicle Load by Chenchen Zhang, Leilei Chen, Gang Liu, Zhendong Qian

“…Thirdly, the mechanical response of the pavement layer to the orthotropic plate under random vehicle load was studied. …”
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Effect of storage period and strain of layer on internal and external quality characteristics of eggs marketed in Riyadh area by A.A. Alsobayel, M.A. Albadry

“…The study was undertaken to compare the effect of storage period on external and internal quality traits of brown and white shelled eggs produced by commercial layers and marketed in Riyadh area. Two trays each containing 30 eggs from each egg color were randomly collected from supermarket, three times at different time intervals. …”
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Physiological performance and productivity of quail layer period supplemented with coconut shell liquid smoke grade 3 by Rizki Maulana Fadhila, Niken Ulupi, Hera Maheshwari

“…This study aimed to analyze the effect of coconut shell liquid smoke grade 3 on the physiological performance and productivity of the quail layer period. The research method used a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatment levels with 3 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (0.25 mL/L CSLS), P2 (0.50 mL/L CSLS), P3 (0.75 mL/L CSLS) and P4 (1 mL/L CSLS). …”
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Effects of pCEP4-PTH gene plasmid on eggshell quality and serum hormone levels in layer by ZHANG Shi-yuan, YU Lu, WANG Ya-qian, LIN Xian-hua, WANG Yi-feng

“…To study the effects of pCEP4-PTH gene plasmid on production performance, eggshell quality and serum hormone levels in the layers, 150 New Yangzhou laying hens (56-week-old) were randomly divided into three groups at the dose of 0, 200 and 400 μg pCEP4-PTH injected intramuscularly. …”
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Smear layer removal by passive ultrasonic irrigation and 2 new mechanical methods for activation of the chelating solution by Ricardo Machado, Isadora da Silva, Daniel Comparin, Bianca Araujo Marques de Mattos, Luiz Rômulo Alberton, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto

“…After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the protocol for smear layer removal, as follows: G1 (control): CA of distilled water; G2 (CA): CA of 17% EDTA; G3 (PUI): 17% EDTA activated by PUI; G4 (EC): 17% EDTA activated by EC; and G5 (XPF): 17% EDTA activated by XPF. …”
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Influence of Dietary Energy and Lysine Concentration on Layer Hen Performance and Egg Quality During Peak Production by Gert Coertze, Rene Kwakkel, Laura Star, Christine Jansen van Rensburg

“…Limited published data areavailable on the current DLys requirements of Hy-Line Silver-Brown layers. The effects of energy (<b>AMEn</b>) and standardized ileal digestible lysine (<b>DLys</b>) concentration on the performance of Hy-Line Silver-Brown layers were studied from 20 to 35 weeks of age. …”
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Performance and Egg Qualities of Isa-Brown Layers Fed Different Quantities of Feed at Varying Feeding Frequencies by Muyiwa Adegbenro, Abiodun S. Ajidara, Stephen G. Modupe, Gbenga E. Onibi

“…Thus, this study was designed to investigate the performance and egg qualities of Isa-Brown layers fed different quantities of feed at varying feeding frequencies. …”
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler and Layer Chickens in Arusha and Mwanza, Tanzania by Ruth W. Kiiti, Erick V. Komba, Peter L. Msoffe, Stephen E. Mshana, Mark Rweyemamu, Mecky I. N. Matee

“…Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles in E. coli isolates obtained from broiler and layer chickens in Mwanza and Arusha regions in Tanzania. …”
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Factors influencing the frequency, knowledge, attitudes and practices of antibiotic use in commercial layer chicken farms, Tanzania by Siha Mdemu, Siha Mdemu, Augustine B. Matondo, Jens Peter Christensen, Ahmed E. Amasha, Helena A. Ngowi, Erica Westwood, Sunday O. Ochai, Sunday O. Ochai, Sunday O. Ochai, Hezron E. Nonga, Kristina Osbjer, Robinson H. Mdegela

“…The primary objective of this study was to explore the factors that could influence knowledge, attitudes and practices of antibiotic use in commercial layer farms.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate antibiotic use patterns and their associated factors among layer chicken farmers in Tanzania. …”
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Validation with the Dynamic Prediction Model of Protein and Amino Acid Requirements for Growth Performance and Health in Layer Chicks by Zhi-Yuan Xia, Alainaa Refaie, Miao Liu, You-Yang Wei, Lv-Hui Sun, Zhang-Chao Deng

“…This study evaluated an established dynamic prediction model for protein and amino acid nutritional requirements on growth performance and health in layer chicks. A total of 288 one-day-old healthy Jing Tint 6 chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 6 replicates of 12 chicks each. …”
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Intestinal inflammation disrupts energy metabolism in layer pullets: insights into energy partitioning and intestinal metabolomic profiling by Qiuyu Jiang, Bingjian Huang, Simiao Chen, Lihua Zhao, Zhibin Ban, Bingkun Zhang

“…This study investigated the effects of intestinal inflammation on energy intake, heat production (HP), retained energy (RE) and intestinal energy metabolites in layer pullets. Methods After 7 d dietary adaption, 32 “Jing Tint 6” layer pullets with average body weight (1,123.50 ± 8.55 g) were selected from 96 birds, and randomly assigned to two groups (CON: Control group, INFL: Inflammation group) with 8 replicates per group. …”
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Utilizing brown mushroom stem waste as an eco-friendly alternative to soybean meal in layer chick nutrition by Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth, Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth, Kayla G. Stamps, Md Salahuddin, Venkatesh Balan, Maedeh Mohammadi, Woo Kyun Kim, Weihang Zhu, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Cassandra D. Gray, Adrian M. W. Aviña, Taylor Rounds-Carter, Trahmilla Carr, Amri Williams, Adebowale Bakare, Jayant Lohakare

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Random uncertain motor parameters identification combining fourth-order moment and trust region by Wengui Mao, Congcong Liao, Jie Guo, Xuemei Wu, Jianhua Li

“…The outer layer transforms the random uncertain motor parameters identification into a deterministic optimization problem by minimizing the probability distribution between the calculated and the measured motor performance response. …”
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A Random Traffic Assignment Model for Networks Based on Discrete Dynamic Bayesian Algorithms by Wei Zhou

“…We study the implementation of traffic assignment engineering in conjunction with the network stochastic model: first, we study the Bayesian algorithm theoretical model of control layer stripping in the network based on the discrete dynamic Bayesian algorithm theory and analyze the resource-sharing mechanism in different queuing rules; second, we study the extraction and evaluation theory of traffic assignment for the global view obtained by the control layer of the network and establish the Bayesian algorithm analysis model based on the traffic assignment; subsequently, the routing of bandwidth guarantee and delay guarantee in the network is studied based on Bayesian algorithm model and Bayesian algorithm network random traffic allocation theory. …”
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Evaluation of the Modal Coupling Effect in Midstory Isolation Systems Based on Random Vibration Analysis by Xiao Song, Songtao Xue

“…The coupling effect due to the variability of the location of the isolation layer may amplify the structural seismic response and is required for in-depth analysis. …”
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