Spin Transfer Torque Evaluation Based on Coupled Spin and Charge Transport: A Finite Element Method Approach by Simone Fiorentini, Johannes Ender, Siegfried Selberherr, Wolfgang Goes, Viktor Sverdlov

“…MRAM cells include a fixed reference magnetic layer and a free-to-switch ferromagnetic layer (FL), separated by a tunnel barrier. …”
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Design of a home video behavior recognition system based on visual privacy security mechanism by D.M. Zhao

“…The research results show that in the comparison of measurement matrices at different levels, the Bernoulli random matrix has the highest recognition accuracy, with recognition accuracy rates of 100 %, 98.73 %, 98.76 %, and 85.62 % from the first layer to the fourth layer, respectively. …”
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Early Warning of Abnormal Operating Modes via Feature Extraction from Cross-Section Frame at Discharge End for Sintering Process by Xinzhe Hao, Sheng Du, Xian Ma, Mengxin Zhao

“…First, an edge detection-based scheme is designed to isolate and analyze the red fire layer in the image. Second, a random forest feature importance ranking is employed to select process variables. …”
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Multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling in hospital using discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive inertia weight (DPSO-AIW) by Md. Limonur Rahman Lingkon, Adri Dash

“…The approach encodes the layer of the chromosomes using an operation sequence (OS) and machine assignment (MA) which is a two-layer coding structure. …”
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Convergence and Quantum Advantage of Trotterized MERA for Strongly-Correlated Systems by Qiang Miao, Thomas Barthel

“…Furthermore, we show how the convergence can be substantially improved by building up the MERA layer by layer in the initialization stage and by scanning through the phase diagram during optimization. …”
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Fine-scale spatial point patterns of Stipa breviflora population at different “Soil Island” habitat sizes in desert steppe by XUE Yi, WANG Xing, SONG Naiping, SUI Jinming, CHEN Juan

“…The results showed that: 1) S. breviflora population was in the aging and declining stage in the all of “Soil Island” habitats, with very few young seedlings. 2) With the increase of the area of “Soil Island”, the content of clay silts in the 0-40 cm soil layer increased (P<0.05), and the content of fine sand in the 0-40 cm soil layer decreased (P<0.05), and the content of soil organic content (SOC) in different soil layers increased (P<0.05). 3) With the increase of the area of “Soil Island”, the ecological strategy of S. breviflora population changed. …”
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CRITERION FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBABILITY MODEL OF THE STATE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS by G. I. Linets, S. V. Melnikov

“…Such models and methods cannot provide reliable identification of the States of satellite communication channels and quickly determine changes in the distribution laws of random variables associated with the appearance of small-scale inhomogeneities in the case of dynamic changes in the ionospheric layer, which is typical for rapid fading of GPS/GLONASS signals.…”
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Triadic balance and network evolution in predictive models of signed networks by Hsuan-Wei Lee, Pei-Chin Lu, Hsiang-Chuan Sha, Hsini Huang

“…To address the complexity of multi-layer networks derived from signed networks, we modify the temporal exponential random graph model framework. …”
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PRDAGE: a prescription recommendation framework for traditional Chinese medicine based on data augmentation and multi-graph embedding by Zhihua Wen, Yunchun Dong, Lihong Peng, Longxin Zhang, Junfeng Yan

“…Additionally, we developed a multi-layer embedding method for symptoms and herbs, using Sentence Bert (SBert) and graph convolutional networks. …”
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Assessment of Tree Species Diversity, Biomass, C and N Storage in Two Sites of Dry Tropical Forest of Chhattisgarh, India by Mexudhan, Jiwan Lal, Gunjan Patil

“…The experiment was conducted on Katghora Forest division in July 2018 to June 2019. The stratified random sampling technique was used for quantifying the tree layer vegetation. …”
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Fracturing and Porosity Channeling in Fluid Overpressure Zones in the Shallow Earth’s Crust by Daniel Koehn, Sandra Piazolo, Till Sachau, Renaud Toussaint

“…A horizontal fluid pressurized layer that is offset shows a complex system of effective stress evolution with the layer fracturing initially at the location of the offset followed by hydraulic breccia development within the layer. …”
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Unraveling the local stress corrosion cracking behavior of Alloy 690 plug in a high-temperature concentrated alkaline solution by Baoliang Cheng, Jin Tao, Jingshan Deng, Botao Xu, Xinhe Xu, Songhan Nie, Tongming Cui, Junjie Chen, Zhanpeng Lu

“…Stress corrosion cracks primarily appear in some regions on the inner wall, which are highly deformed and advanced along the random grain boundary. The internal oxide layer formed in the high-temperature alkaline solution was not dense; it comprised a composite oxide with multiple layers. …”
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A Hierarchical RF-XGBoost Model for Short-Cycle Agricultural Product Sales Forecasting by Jiawen Li, Binfan Lin, Peixian Wang, Yanmei Chen, Xianxian Zeng, Xin Liu, Rongjun Chen

“…To address this, a hierarchical prediction model that combines RF-XGBoost is proposed in this work. It adopts the Random Forest (RF) in the first layer to extract residuals and achieve initial prediction results based on correlation features from Grey Relation Analysis (GRA). …”
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Protein sequence classification using natural language processing techniques by Huma Perveen, Julie Weeds

“…Methods The study evaluated models such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGBoost, Voting and Stacking classifiers, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and transformer models (BertForSequenceClassification, DistilBERT, and ProtBert). …”
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Correlation Analysis and Prediction of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coastal Soft Soil in the Jiangdong New District, Haikou, China by Yongchang Yang, Xinying Song, Shuai Zhang, Jun Hu, Ming Ruan, Dongling Zeng, Han Luo, Jiangsi Wang, Zhixin Wang

“…For this study, samples were collected from the indoor geotechnical tests conducted on the fourth layer of the third series of the Haikou Formation. …”
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Solar Irradiance Prediction for Zaria Town Using Different Machine Learning Models by Ibrahim Abdulwahab, Sulaiman Haruna Sulaiman, Umar Musa, Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu, Abdullahi Kakumi Musa, Ismaila Mahmud, Mohammed Musa, Abdullahi Abubakar, Abdulrahman Olaniyan

“…The random forest model is shown to be the most accurate in predicting solar irradiation. …”
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Microbial community assembly patterns at the species level in different parts of the medium temperature Daqu during fermentation by Zhang Wen, Pei-Jie Han, Da-Yong Han, Liang Song, Yu-Hua Wei, Hai-Yan Zhu, Jie Chen, Zheng-Xiang Guo, Feng-Yan Bai

“…The bacterial community composition and succession model in the middle layer were similar to those in the core layer, whereas the fungal community composition and succession model in the surface layer were similar to those in the middle layer. …”
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Improve the Resilience of Multilayer Supply Chain Networks by Hui Xia

“…We firstly conduct the study on the connectedness in the supply chain network from a topological perspective and adopt the t-core method to decompose the network into multiple layers. Then, we propose a layer-based rewiring algorithm to recover the network from disruptions. …”
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Acoustic two-dimensional scattering from cylinders using the method of source simulation technique by P.H. T. Zannin

“…The calculation of the scattering was performed for the variants of the method: the single-layer method and the one-point multipole method. …”
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Drone-Captured Wildlife Data Encryption: A Hybrid 1D–2D Memory Cellular Automata Scheme with Chaotic Mapping and SHA-256 by Akram Belazi, Héctor Migallón

“…A final layer of 1D MCA, controlled by pseudo-random number generators, ensures comprehensive diffusion and confusion across the image. …”
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