Highly sensitive in vivo detection of dynamic changes in enkephalins following acute stress in mice by Marwa O Mikati, Petra Erdmann-Gilmore, Rose Connors, Sineadh M Conway, Jim Malone, Justin Woods, Robert W Sprung, Reid R Townsend, Ream Al-Hasani

“…We present an analytical method for real-time, simultaneous detection of Met- and Leu-enkephalin (Met-Enk and Leu-Enk) in the mouse nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) after acute stress. …”
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Self‐Aligned Heterojunction Gate Carbon Nanotube Phototransistors for Highly Sensitive Infrared Detection by Jingjing Ge, Xiaolu Xia, Maguang Zhu, Shaoyuan Zhou, Yifu Sun, Hangqi Ma, Xinyue Pei, Dijie Zhang, Ying Wang, Zhiyong Zhang

“…However, huge room is remained on optimizing device structure to further improve the performance, integrated density and yield. …”
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Nanosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection based on a selective growth-regulating mechanism by Johan A. Farfán, Mary Licuona, Betty C. Galarreta, Yulán Hernández

“…The results obtained in this study highlight the intricacies of developing such nanosensors and introduce a novel detection method based on a selective growth mechanism that can be further used for detection.…”
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Development of a point of care (POC) test as an immunobiosensor for okadaic acid detection in mussels by E. Daniso, P. Melpignano, M. Cocchi, S. Susmel, F. Tulli

“…An immunobiosensor test, based on immunoaffinity reaction utilizing commercially available monoclonal antibodies, has been optimized and validated for the detection of okadaic acid in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) extracts, with a limit of detection of 60 µg/kg, a sensitivity of 0.68 n° of counts/ ug/Kg and a screening test range between of 60–350 ug/kg. …”
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YOLOv9-GDV: A Power Pylon Detection Model for Remote Sensing Images by Ke Zhang, Ningxuan Zhang, Chaojun Shi, Qiaochu Lu, Xian Zheng, Yujie Cao, Xiaoyun Zhang, Jiyuan Yang

“…Finally, the Variable Minimum Point Distance Intersection over Union (VMPDIoU) loss is proposed to optimize the model’s loss function. This method employs variable input parameters to directly calculate key point distances between predicted and ground-truth boxes, more accurately reflecting positional differences between detection results and reference targets, thus effectively improving the model’s mean Average Precision (mAP). …”
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Intrusion Detection System to Advance Internet of Things Infrastructure-Based Deep Learning Algorithms by Hasan Alkahtani, Theyazn H. H. Aldhyani

“…The complexity of the network dataset was dimensionality reduced, and to improve the proposed system, the particle swarm optimization method (PSO) was used to select relevant features from the network dataset. …”
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RGE-YOLO enables lightweight road packaging bag detection for enhanced driving safety by Dangfeng Pang, Zhiwei Guan, Tao Luo, Yanhao Liang, Ruzhen Dou

“…Built upon YOLOv8s, RGE-YOLO incorporates RepViTBlock, Grouped Spatial Convolution (GSConv), and Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA) to optimize computational efficiency, model stability, and detection accuracy. …”
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YOLO-PWSL-Enhanced Robotic Fish: An Integrated Object Detection System for Underwater Monitoring by Lingrui Lei, Ying Tang, Weidong Zhang, Quan Tang, Haichi Hao

“…In fact, we designed a multilevel attention fusion block (LGFB) that enhances perception in complex scenarios, to optimize the accuracy of the detected frames, the Wise-ShapeIoU loss function was used, and in order to reduce the parameters and FLOPs of the model, a lightweight convolution method called PConv was introduced. …”
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Fault detection algorithm for underground conveyor belt deviation based on improved RT-DETR by AN Longhui, WANG Manli, ZHANG Changsen

“…The method requires setting specific thresholds and is easily affected by environmental factors, resulting in slow detection speed and low accuracy. …”
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STSA‐Based Early‐Stage Detection of Small Brain Tumors Using Neural Network by Nafiul Hasan, Md. Masud Rana, Md Mahmudul Hasan, AKM Azad, Dil Afroz, Md Mostafizur Rahman Komol, Mousumi Aktar, Mohammad Ali Moni

“…ABSTRACT Early‐stage brain tumor detection is critical for improving patient outcomes, optimizing treatment strategies, and enhancing healthcare resource allocation. …”
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SCCA-YOLO: Spatial Channel Fusion and Context-Aware YOLO for Lunar Crater Detection by Jiahao Tang, Boyuan Gu, Tianyou Li, Ying-Bo Lu

“…Lunar crater detection plays a crucial role in geological analysis and the advancement of lunar exploration. …”
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A High-Accuracy Underwater Object Detection Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Sonar Images by Jiahui Su, Deyin Xu, Lu Qiu, Zhiping Xu, Lixiong Lin, Jiachun Zheng

“…Compared with YOLOv8s, the proposed HAUOD algorithm can achieve <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>6.2</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> higher accuracy with only <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>50.4</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> model size, and reduce the computational complexity by half. Moreover, the HAUOD method exhibits significant advantages in balancing computational efficiency and accuracy compared to mainstream detection models.…”
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Integrated neural network framework for multi-object detection and recognition using UAV imagery by Mohammed Alshehri, Tingting Xue, Tingting Xue, Ghulam Mujtaba, Yahya AlQahtani, Nouf Abdullah Almujally, Ahmad Jalal, Ahmad Jalal, Hui Liu, Hui Liu, Hui Liu

“…To address these complexities, our research proposes a fully end-to-end deep learning–driven perception pipeline specifically optimized for UAV-based traffic monitoring. The proposed framwork integrates multiple advanced modules: RetinexNet for preprocessing, segmentation using HRNet to preserve high-resolution semantic information, and vehicle detection using the YOLOv11 framework. …”
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Selection of Optimal Diagnostic Positions for Early Nutrient Deficiency in Cucumber Leaves Based on Spatial Distribution of Raman Spectra by Zhaolong Hou, Yaxuan Wang, Feng Tan, Jiaxin Gao, Feng Jiao, Chunjie Su, Xin Zheng

“…This study enhances the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy-based nutrient diagnosis, improving its application in precision agriculture. We propose a method to identify optimal diagnostic positions on cucumber leaves for early detection of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) deficiencies, thereby providing a robust scientific basis for high-throughput phenotyping using Raman spectroscopy (RS). …”
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Preparation and application of a new ion-imprinted polymer for nanomolar detection of mercury(II) in environmental waters by Ebrahim Shamsabadi, Hashem Akhlaghi, Mehdi Baghayeri, Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky

“…Critical experimental parameters, including the nature and concentration of the eluent, solution pH, preconcentration duration, ion-imprinted polymer dosage, sample solution volume and reduction potential, were systematically studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear response in the range of 1.0 to 240.0 nM, with a low detection limit of 0.2 nM. …”
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Optimal Training Positive Sample Size Determination for Deep Learning with a Validation on CBCT Image Caries Recognition by Yanlin Wang, Gang Li, Xinyue Zhang, Yue Wang, Zhenhao Zhang, Jupeng Li, Junqi Ma, Linghang Wang

“…<b>Methods</b>: An expected sensitivity (P_T) of 0.6 and a clinically acceptable sensitivity (P₀) of 0.5 were applied to the single-arm OPC calculation formula, yielding an optimal training set comprising 263 carious teeth. …”
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Research on Spread Spectrum Codes Optimized by Sparrow Search Algorithm and Extreme Gradient Boosting by LIANG Zhiru, BIAN Dongming, ZHANG Gengxin

“…【Results】By comparing conventional peak detection and decision tree classification methods at different signal-to-noise ratios and comparing the classification accuracy of different sequence periods, the simulation results show that the spread code identification and classification method optimized by SSA with XGBOOST after preprocessing has a higher classification and identification success rate than conventional machine learning and peak detection methods. …”
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Sine Cosine Optimization With Deep Learning–Driven Object Detector for Visually Impaired Persons by Hadeel Alsolai, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi, Abdelwahed Motwakel, Suhanda Drar

“…The experimentation outcome of the SCODL–ODC method is examined on the object detection dataset. …”
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Optimal design of electromagnetic metamaterial electronic device sensor with specific performance based on multivariate big data fusion by Sheng Bi

“…Finally, the SNR and lift distance of the shear wave sensor before and after the coil backplane optimization are compared by experiments. In this article, a multi-hypothesis data fusion method in distributed detection system is proposed, which extends the multi-sensor data fusion rules to more general cases. …”
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The Optimal Acoustic Measurement Point Selection for UHV Reactors in Substations Based on Equivalent Impedance and Information Entropy Theory by Yingwen Li, Zhen Wei, Huilian Liao, Lin Li, Peizhong Zhang, Jingyun Zhao

“…This study provides a reliable method for the deployment, comprehensive evaluation, and optimization of acoustic performance of ultra-high voltage parallel reactors for online monitoring of reactor voiceprint.…”
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