Immunohistochemical analysis of microglial changes in the experimental acute hepatic encephalopathy by T. V. Shulyatnikova

“…Four from 10 animals that survived up to 24 h after acetaminophen injection constituted “compensated group”; 6 animals which died within 24 h – “decompensated group”. Microglial reactive changes were analysed by the evaluation of the relative area (S rel., %) of CD68+ expression in the brain cells not associated with meninges and vessels, as well as the changing in shape and number of these cells. …”
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The Biflavonoid Agathisflavone Regulates Microglial and Astrocytic Inflammatory Profiles via Glucocorticoid Receptor by Áurea Maria Alves Nunes Almeida, Cleonice Creusa dos Santos, Daniele Takahashi, Larissa Pereira da Silva, Verônica Moreira de Sousa, Monique Reis de Santana, Ana Elisa Del Arco, Balbino Lino dos Santos, Jorge Mauricio David, Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva, Suzana Braga-de-Souza, Silvia Lima Costa

“…Microglial branching was increased in response to agathisflavone, an effect that was inhibited by mifepristone. …”
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Immunological Demyelination Triggers Macrophage/Microglial Cells Activation without Inducing Astrogliosis by Frank Cloutier, Ilse Sears-Kraxberger, Krista Keachie, Hans S. Keirstead

“…In the present study, we evaluate whether immunological demyelination is accompanied with astrogliosis. …”
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Chronic starvation induces microglial cell depletion in an activity-based anorexia model by Valerie Verspohl, Miranda van Egmond, Lilly Kneisel, Friederike Reese, Anna C. Thelen, Nele Korten, Maren Neumann, Lena Schaack, Clara Voelz, Larissa Käver, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Cordian Beyer, Jochen Seitz, Stefanie Trinh

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Assessing in-vitro models for microglial development and fetal programming: a critical review by Steven Schepanski, Steven Schepanski, Gonza B. Ngoumou, Gonza B. Ngoumou, Claudia Buss, Claudia Buss, Claudia Buss, Claudia Buss, Georg Seifert, Georg Seifert

“…This review evaluates in-vitro models for studying how maternal influences during pregnancy impact the development of offspring microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system. …”
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Pulsed radiofrequency alleviates neuropathic pain by upregulating MG53 to inhibit microglial activation by Yuanxin Huang, Yuanyue Huang, Xianglong Lv, Zilong Yu, Yue Qin, Xingyue Yang, Songsong An, Chunxin Wo, Lin Wang

“…Therefore, PRF inhibited microglial activation by upregulating MG53. After injection of ERS inducer in CCI rats, the inhibition effect of overexpressed MG53 on microglial activation and its alleviation effect on NP were reversed. …”
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P2Y6 Receptor-Mediated Spinal Microglial Activation in Neuropathic Pain by Jiang Bian, Ying Zhang, Yan Liu, Qun Li, Hai-bin Tang, Qing Liu

“…Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were used to evaluate activated microglial marker Iba-1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to access levels of IL-6. …”
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Microglial activation and hypothalamic structural plasticity in HFD obesity: insights from semaglutide and minocycline by Xi Rong, Fang Wei, Yuqi Jiang, Qintao Ma, Dongmei Wang, Jie Shen

“…High-fat diet (HFD)-induced microglial activation contributes to hypothalamic inflammation and obesity, but the mechanisms linking microglia to structural changes remain unclear. …”
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Microglial activation contributes to cognitive impairments in rotenone-induced mouse Parkinson’s disease model by Dongdong Zhang, Sheng Li, Liyan Hou, Lu Jing, Zhengzheng Ruan, Bingjie Peng, Xiaomeng Zhang, Jau-Shyong Hong, Jie Zhao, Qingshan Wang

“…A time course experiment revealed that rotenone-induced microglial activation preceded neurodegeneration. Interestingly, microglial depletion by PLX3397 or inactivation by minocycline significantly reduced neuronal damage and α-synuclein pathology as well as improved cognitive performance in rotenone-injected mice. …”
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Suppressing TLR4 alleviates cerebral injury in heatstroke rats through the modulation of microglial polarization by Xiaomin Wu, Ting He, Chunli Yang, Shujing Xue, Qianqian Yuan, Feifei Chen, Juan Liu, Guanghua Li

“…Furthermore, TAK-242 effectively reversed the elevated protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB induced by HS.Conclusion These findings indicate that TLR4 inhibition through TAK-242 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection in HS by modulating microglial polarization.…”
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Enhancing autophagy mitigates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and neuronophagocytosis by Jingjing Guo, Jingjing Guo, Yun Li, Kun Ma, Kun Ma, Guohai Su, Guohai Su

“…This study investigated whether autophagy can play a neuroprotective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation.MethodsPrimary microglial cells and male C57BL/6 J mice were treated with LPS, autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, 3-MA), or autophagy activators (rapamycin). …”
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Microglial double stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by Ling-jie Li, Shi-yu Liang, Xiao-ying Sun, Jie Zhu, Xiao-yun Niu, Xiao-yu Du, Ya-ru Huang, Rui-tian Liu

“…To investigate the impact of microglial DNase II deficiency on microglial morphology, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and IFN-I pathway, neuroinflammation, synapses loss, amyloid pathology and tauopathy, the levels of cGAS-STING and IFN-I pathway related protein, gliosis and proinflammatory cytokines, synaptic protein, complement protein, Aβ levels, phosphorylated tau in the brains of the microglial DNase II deficient WT and AD mice were evaluated by immunolabeling, immunoblotting, q-PCR or ELISA. …”
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A study on the mechanism of Bushen Kaiqiao Formula in modulating microglial activation to alleviate neuroinflammation in ADHD by Jiaqi Zhang, Ruxin Sun, Yu Xiong, Yuting Yang, Jing Wang, Kanglin Zhu, Xinqiang Ni, Min Huang

“…Background: Growing evidence suggests that dysregulated microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex may underlie the pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. …”
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Neuroinflammation—the role of heteroreceptor complexes by Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran, Senthilkumar Rajagopal

“…Emerging clinical trials—such as those evaluating A2A receptor antagonists like istradefylline for Parkinson’s disease and 5-HT2A antagonists for schizophrenia—have shown promising neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, although larger-scale, long-term studies are needed to confirm efficacy. …”
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Dolutegravir Derivatives Alleviate LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation by Suppressing STAT1/3 Nuclear Translocation by Wang L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Mao L, Hou X, Peng L

“…The anti-inflammatory activity against microglial inflammation and cytotoxicity of these derivatives were evaluated using the Griess assay and MTT assay. …”
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HCAR2 Exerts Anti-Depressive Effects on Corticosterone-Induced Depression in Mice by Modulating Microglial Activity by Zhao Pan, Li Jiang, Jiacheng Chen, Sicong Xu, Ping Zhang, Yili Yi, Yangzhi Xie, Yongjun Chen

“…Methods: We established a mouse model of corticosterone (Cor)-induced depression to evaluate the therapeutic potential of HCAR2 activation on depression. …”
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Microglial clock dysfunction during neuroinflammation impairs oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment and disrupts neuroimmune homeostasis by Qingqing Lu, Qingqing Lu, Jin Young Kim, Jin Young Kim

“…To assess the functional relevance of microglial clocks, we transplanted either wild-type or Bmal1-deleted microglia, as well as control or neuroinflammatory microglia, into the corpus callosum of NG2DsRed reporter mice and evaluated oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) recruitment.ResultsLPS-induced neuroinflammation triggered a phase shift in the core clock gene Bmal1 and disrupted the rhythmic expression of its targets, including Per1, Iba1, Itgam, and Ccl5, resulting in sustained microglial activation. …”
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N-acetylaspartate mitigates pro-inflammatory responses in microglial cells by intersecting lipid metabolism and acetylation processes by Federica Felice, Pamela De Falco, Martina Milani, Serena Castelli, Antonella Ragnini-Wilson, Giacomo Lazzarino, Nadia D’Ambrosi, Fabio Ciccarone, Maria Rosa Ciriolo

“…While NAA’s role in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes has been investigated, its impact on microglial function remains less understood. Methods The murine BV2 microglial cell line and primary microglia were used as experimental models. …”
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Liver-specific expression of ANGPTL8 promotes Alzheimer’s disease progression through activating microglial pyroptosis by Jiarui Wei, Lin Hu, Shufan Xu, Fan Yang, Fusheng Liao, Ying Tang, Xin Shen, Xiaoqiao Zhang, Xinggang Fang, Yifan Li, Li Ding, Zhuo Chen, Shanchun Su, Junhua Cheng, Yong Huang, Qian Chen, Daqing Ma, Qiufang Zhang, Xingrong Guo

“…Results ANGPTL8 knockout improved cognitive function and reduced Aβ deposition by reducing microgliosis and microglial activation in 5xFAD mice. Mechanistically, ANGPTL8 crossed the blood‒brain barrier and interacted with the microglial membrane receptor PirB/LILRB2. …”
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Spi1 aggravates neuropathic pain by modulating Clec7a-mediated neuroinflammation and microglial phagocytosis by Yin Xu, Xinli Liu, Hui Chen, Yun Zhao, Yubai Zhao, Yu Xie, Jiahui Pang, Hui Zeng, Yanyan Zeng, Weiwei Peng, Manxu Zheng, Wen Wu

“…Additionally, the microglia morphological changes, the volume of CD68 or VGAT in microglia were examined by immunofluorescence to reflect microglial activation and phagocytosis. Patch clamp was performed to evaluate neuronal excitability. …”
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