Analysis of Sleep Quality and TCM Constitution Characteristics in 258 Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Outpatient Cases by Chang Liu, Jing Qu, Luquan Chen, Ruijie Liu

“…The participants consisted of 152 (58.91%) insomniacs and 106 (41.09%) noninsomniacs. The top four biased constitutions of the insomniac population (the same patient may have two or more constitutions simultaneously), as determined from the proportions of constitutions in ascending order, are as follows: Qi deficiency constitution, 95 cases (62.50%); Yang deficiency constitution, 85 cases (45.95%); blood stasis, 70 cases (37.84%); and qi stagnation, 65 cases (35.14%). …”
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