Study of Waveguides and Resonant Cavities over Sunspot Volumes Using Multichannel Solar Dynamics Observatory Observations by Robert Sych, Yihua Yan

“…The distribution of sources in the height layers indicates the influence of the wave cutoff frequency caused by the inclinations of the magnetic field lines. …”
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The Diversity of the Morphometric Profiles of the Pore Space in Soddy-Podzolic and Gray Forest Soils of East European Plain by E. B. Skvortsova, V. A. Rozhkov, A. V. Yudina, N. A. Vasil’Eva

“…The values of size, form and pore orientation, which form the morphometric profiles, reflect the vertical variability of the morphological composition of the soil pores. …”
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Aerial RIS Aided NOMA Networks with Optimized Secrecy Metrics Performance by F. Titel, M. Belattar, M. Lashab, R. Abd-Alhameed

“…To characterize the network performance, the expected value of the new channel statistics is derived for the reflected links in the case of Rayleigh fading distribution. …”
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La gestion de l’eau à Bibracte (Saône-et-Loire), avant et après la Conquête romaine by Laetitia Borau

“…The bottom was also covered by a layer of clay. A pipe built from stone was used to evacuate of water. …”
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STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COATING APPLIED BY ELECTROSPARK ALLOYING by Victor Vasilyevich Blazheyev, Pavel Grigoryevich Ivanochkin, Andrey Sergeyevich Lichkovakha

“…A technique for selecting an electrode material used when applying the electrospark method onto a metal surface layer is described. The technique is based on the study of the mechanical properties of the coating by nanoindentation. …”
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Geometrization of structural elements of the Southern section of the Bystriyivske gabbro deposit to determine rational directions of development by V.G. Levytskyi, A.O. Kryvoruchko, G.V. Skyba, S.V. Kalchuk, S.M. Shyshko

“…The main goal of the study is to create spatial models of the deposit that reflect the distribution patterns of the main structural elements, such as tectonic faults, layering, vein formations, fracture zones and other morphological heterogeneities that affect the physical and mechanical properties of rock and gabbroic rocks in particular. …”
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Electron beam profile: Experiment, simulation configuration, and application for ETS-10 zeolite irradiated simulation by Cao Van Chung, La Ly Nguyen, Lo Thai Son, Anh-Tuan Vo, Van-Hien Pham, Phan Trong Phuc, Van-Phuc Dinh

“…Notably, we introduce a new mathematical function by modifying the approximated Landau distribution. This new function offers a better fit than our previous mathematical function and, more importantly, accurately reflects the physical nature of the energy spectrum of electrons passing through a thin layer of matter. …”
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A novel framework to identify delamination location/size in BFRP pipe based on convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm hybrid with capacitive sensors by Wael A. Altabey

“…The 3D maps of the capacitance array values and EPC distribution of node potential are tested. The maps can reflect delamination between pipe layers based on the researcher's previous works, however, because the pipes are modeled in 3D, therefore, the bending and twisted effects of the model make these maps not a good choice to accurately detect delamination location/size. …”
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Multi-Domain Feature Analysis and Application Research of GPR Aliased Signals by Chuan Li, Yawei Wang, Qibing Ma, Xiaorong Wan

“…In radar detection of concrete structures, the significant differences in electromagnetic properties between rebar and concrete result in strong reflections at rebar interfaces. The electromagnetic waves reflected by the dual-layer rebar interfere with and superimpose, severely obscuring their characteristic signals, making accurate identification challenging. …”
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Analysis of crack evolution in large-volume concrete based on thermal mechanical coupling finite element method by Anbing QIU

“…When the molding temperature is high, the deep structure transfers more heat to the surface layer, causing a significant increase in surface temperature. …”
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Robust SAR-assisted cloud removal via supervised align-guided fusion and bidirectional hybrid reconstruction by Anling Wang, Kai Xu, Wenxin Wang, Taoyang Wang, Zhaohong Jia, Chengcheng Fan

“…The use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, which are known for their strong penetration capability and ability to reflect the geometrical features of ground objects, further enhances the reliability and accuracy of the reconstruction. …”
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Characteristics and driving mechanisms of species beta diversity in desert plant communities. by Lamei Jiang, Guanghui Lv, Yanming Gong, Yan Li, Hengfang Wang, Deyan Wu

“…The soil water content and salt content were the key environmental factors affecting species distributions of the herb and shrub layers, respectively. …”
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Equivalent method for calculating internal blast loads in cylindrical lattice shell structure by Fu Shiqi, Gao Xuanneng

“…On this basis, an equivalent model combining a standard overpressure distribution with correction factors for reflection and convergence was formulated. …”
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Quantifying the Impact of Environmental Factors on the Methane Point-Source Emission Algorithm by Zixuan Wang, Linxin Wang, Ding Li, Lingjing Yang, Lixue Cao, Qin He, Kai Qin

“…This contrast makes it impossible to effectively extract CH₄ signals when the reflectance difference reaches 0.2. (5) Under harsh conditions, where multiple parameters are present (AOD = 0.2, albedo = 0.2, aerosol layer height (ALH) = 2), the MF method is still able to detect CH₄ emissions, but with a significant error of 74.65%. (6) External environmental variables, particularly atmospheric pressure and water vapor content, significantly influence the inversion accuracy of methane (CH₄) concentrations. …”
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Artificial Intelligence‐Enhanced Metamaterial Bragg Multilayers for Radiative Cooling by David Osuna Ruiz, Maite Aznarez‐Sanado, Pilar Herrera‐Plaza, Miguel Beruete

“…Furthermore, it explains AI's success in producing these structures and enables the analysis of resonant conditions in metal‐free multilayers with unconventional layer thickness distributions, offering innovative tools for designing highly efficient structures in RC.…”
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Study on Water Storage Change and Its Consideration in Water Balance in the Mountain Regions over Arid Northwest China by Min Xu

“…However, the seasonal and annual differences reflected the imbalance of water resource distribution in two mountains. …”
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Double Gold/Nitrogen Nanosecond-Laser-Doping of Gold-Coated Silicon Wafer Surfaces in Liquid Nitrogen by Sergey Kudryashov, Alena Nastulyavichus, Victoria Pryakhina, Evgenia Ulturgasheva, Michael Kovalev, Ivan Podlesnykh, Nikita Stsepuro, Vadim Shakhnov

“…. %) dopants localized within a 0.5 μm thick surface layer and the slight surface post-oxidation of the micro-relief (oxygen (O), ~1.5–2.5 at. %). …”
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Transfer Learning for Facial Expression Recognition by Rajesh Kumar, Giacomo Corvisieri, Tullio Flavio Fici, Syed Ibrar Hussain, Domenico Tegolo, Cesare Valenti

“…Facial expressions reflect psychological states and are crucial for understanding human emotions. …”
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Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Microclimate and Fruit Quality in Apricot Orchards by Yixin Li, Jialong Li, Wanting Ma, Ling Guo

“…Specifically, the waterproof, breathable film effectively regulated soil temperature and moisture, reducing soil temperature by 4.60% and increasing soil moisture by 17.09% in the 0–60 cm soil layer. Meanwhile, the reflective film optimized light distribution in the mid-lower canopy, increasing light intensity by 161.04–208.71% and reflectance by 2.6–3.3 times. …”
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Molecular dynamics simulation and flame-retardant characterization of steel slag powder-modified styrene-butadiene rubber composites by Zhifang ZONG, Jianwen PENG, Xiaojian REN, Tianci GAO, Wenjing ZHANG, Ling ZHAO, Yurong XIA, Hao ZHANG, Yong JIA

“…The incorporation of SSP into the SBR system effectively improved the flame-retardant properties of SSPCB/SBR, as reflected in increased oxygen indices. This enhancement was attributed to the uniform distribution of SSP within the SBR matrix, which formed a thermal barrier during combustion. …”
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