Is surgery superior for distal ulna fractures? a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis by Zakaria Chabihi, Brahim Demnati, Mohamed Moussadiq, Tariq Aalil, Yassine Fath El Khir, El Mehdi Boumediane, Mohamed Amine Benhima, Imad Abkari

“…The meta-analysis used standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes and log odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes. Results The initial search yielded 1253 studies, which were narrowed down to 12 studies suitable for review after removing duplicates and irrelevant articles. …”
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Meta Analysis of Clustering Nursing for Stroke Associated Pneumonia by Chunyan HAN, Cun ZHAO, Xinglei WANG, Yali CHANG, Li YAO, Yihong KE, Jinhui TIAN, Xinman DOU

“…The continuous variables used standardized mean difference (<italic>SMD</italic>) and 95%<italic>CI</italic> as the effect indicators. The dichotomous variables used odds ratio (<italic>OR</italic>) and 95%<italic>CI</italic> as the effect indicators. …”
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Mesalazine for People with Diverticular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials by Andrea Iannone, Marinella Ruospo, Germaine Wong, Michele Barone, Mariabeatrice Principi, Alfredo Di Leo, Giovanni F. M. Strippoli

“…We estimated risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes (disease remission/recurrence, acute diverticulitis in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, need for surgery/hospitalization, all-cause/disease-related mortality, adverse events), mean differences (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) for continuous outcomes (quality of life, symptoms score, time to recurrence/remission), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. …”
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Utilizing Hip Abduction Strength to Body-Weight Ratios in Return to Sport Decision-Making After ACL Reconstruction by Steven Higbie, Jacquelyn Kleihege, Brian Duncan, Walter R. Lowe, Lane Bailey

“…Isometric hip abduction strength was obtained using a handheld dynamometer. Groups were dichotomized into those with low vs high strength to BW ratios. …”
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A brief instrument measuring the water, sanitation and hygiene domain of menstrual health among women who inject drugs. by Alhelí Calderón-Villarreal, Lourdes Johanna Avelar Portillo, Daniela Abramovitz, Shira Goldenberg, Shawn Flanigan, Penelope J E Quintana, Alicia Harvey-Vera, Carlos F Vera, Gudelia Rangel, Steffanie A Strathdee, Georgia L Kayser

“…<h4>Methods</h4>We constructed a MH-scale based on access to twelve WASH-related items: (1) menstrual products, (2) body hygiene (bathing per week), (3) water sources for bathing, (4) improved, (5) non-shared, (6) available, (7) private, (8) nearby, (9) and safe sanitation facilities, (10) availability of soap, (11) water source for handwashing, and (12) handwashing facilities with soap/water. Variables were dichotomized and summed, with scores ranging from 0-12 points and higher scores indicating better MH access. …”
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Predicting the Degree of Coronary Artery Stenosis Through Retinal Vascular Characteristics and Minimal Clinical Information by Zhang G, Ding Y, Ma T, Zhou S, Wang B, Chang X, Zeng Y

“…The area under the curve (AUC) for logistic regression modeling with the Gensini Score binarized (dichotomized into two categories based on a cutoff of 4 points) as the dependent variable and fundus vascular characteristics as the independent variable was 0.59 ± 0.05 (95% CI). …”
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Efficacy and Safety of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Postoperative Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials by Dan Wang, Hongshuo Shi, Zhenguo Yang, Wenbin Liu, Lu Qi, Chengda Dong, Guomin Si, Qi Guo

“…Relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were used for dichotomous data. The data were pooled and analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and STATA15.0 software. …”
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Evaluating the overall renal outcomes of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by Min-Jia Cao, Ting-Ting Liang, Li Xu, Fang-Hong Shi

“…We calculated odds ratio (OR) or harzard ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for composite outcomes and dichotomous data, and weighted mean differences (WMD) for changes in eGFR. …”
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Network Meta-Analysis of Different Acupuncture Therapies in Treatment of Low Back Myofascitis by GE Haiya, YAN Laijun, YANG Zongrui, SHI Jinyu, ZHAN Hongsheng

“…GEMTC 0.14.3 was used to conduct network meta-analysis for each therapy; and continuous variables were described by mean difference (MD), and dichotomous variables were described by the odds ratio (OR). …”
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Long-term drought and risk of infant mortality in Africa: A cross-sectional study. by Pin Wang, Tormod Rogne, Joshua L Warren, Ernest O Asare, Robert A Akum, N'datchoh E Toure, Joseph S Ross, Kai Chen

“…We measured drought by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at a timescale of 24 months and a spatial resolution of 10 × 10 km, which was further dichotomized into mild and severe drought. The association between drought exposure and infant mortality risk was estimated using Cox regression models allowing time-dependent covariates. …”
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Integrating CT-based radiomics and clinical features to better predict the prognosis of acute pancreatitis by Hang Chen, Yao Wen, Xinya Li, Xia Li, Liping Su, Xinglan Wang, Fang Wang, Dan Liu

“…The patients were dichotomized into good and poor prognosis subgroups based on follow-up CT and clinical data. …”
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Distal Transradial Access in Anatomical Snuffbox for Coronary Angiography and Intervention: An Updated Meta-Analysis by Chendi Liang, Qinghua Han, Yongping Jia, Chunyu Fan, Gang Qin

“…The pooled odds ratio (OR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. …”
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The Minimum Dietary Diversity For Women Indicator Can Be Extended To Children And Adolescents aged 4-15 Years As A Proxy Population Indicator For Good Micronutrient Adequacy Of Die... by Loty Diop, Aulo Gelli, Lieven Huybregts, Joanne E Arsenault, Lilia Bliznashka, Erick Boy, Megan Deitchler, Carl Lachat, Mourad Moursi, Angelica M Ochoa-Avilés, Deanna K Olney, Elodie Becquey

“…Conclusions: The continuous FGS-10 and dichotomous FGS-10 ≥ 5 may be extended to 4–15-y-old children/adolescents in LMICs. …”
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An exploratory analysis of differences in serum protein expression by sex in patients with systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease by Giuliana Cerro-Chiang, Matthew Ayres, Alejandro Rivas, Sarah J. Parker, Mitra Mastali, Peter Chen, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Paul J. Wolters, Francesco Boin, Tanzira Zaman

“…For proteins that were dichotomized, chi-squared testing was used. Multivariable regression models adjusting for meaningful clinical variables were also performed. …”
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Association between white blood cell count and coronary artery bypass graft failure: an individual patient data analysis of clinical trials by Kevin R. An, Sigrid Sandner, Joyce Peper, Yanzai Zhou, Jurrien M. ten Berg, Lamia Harik, Yunpeng Zhu, Laura M. Willemsen, Qiang Zhao, Björn Redfors, Subodh Verma, Mario F. L. Gaudino

“…When evaluated as a dichotomous variable [≥ 11 vs. < 11 × 109/L] and by quartile, WBC count was not associated with graft failure at the patient and individual graft levels. …”
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Investigating the associations between personality functioning, cognitive biases, and (non-)perceptive clinical high-risk symptoms of psychosis in the community by Giulia Rinaldi, Stefan Lerch, Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Stefanie Julia Schmidt, Marialuisa Cavelti, Michael Kaess, Chantal Michel

“…In an exploratory analysis, personality functioning elements identity and self-direction, and cognitive biases dichotomous thinking, emotional reasoning, and catastrophizing, respectively, showed multifaceted associations with nonper-CHR-P-symptom likelihood and overall CHR-P-symptom expression. …”
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Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study by Elizabeth AK Rowley, Patrick K Mitchell, Duck-Hye Yang, Ned Lewis, Brian E Dixon, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, William F Fadel, Inih J Essien, Allison L Naleway, Edward Stenehjem, Toan C Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Karthik Natarajan, Peter Embi, Ryan E Wiegand, Ruth Link-Gelles, Mark W Tenforde, Bruce Fireman

“…Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial. …”
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Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Mohamed A. Abu Elainein, Mohamad Mahmoud Whdan, Mahmoud Samir, Nada G. Hamam, Mohamed Mansour, Mohamed Abdel Mohsen Mohamed, Mahmoud Mostafa Snosy, Mahmoud Ayman Othman, Ahmed Sayed Sobieh, Mahmoud Gamal Saad, Mohamed A. Labna, Salma Allam

“…A statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5 software. Dichotomous data was subjected to risk ratio analysis, while continuous data underwent Mean Difference (MD) evaluation, all was reported with 95% confidence intervals, P value is considered statistically significant if less than 0.05. …”
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Development and Validation of a Novel Classification System and Prognostic Model for Open Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Study by Yuhui Chen, Li Chen, Liang Xian, Haibing Liu, Jiaxing Wang, Shaohuai Xia, Liangfeng Wei, Xuewei Xia, Shousen Wang

“…Prognosis was assessed through a dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). A novel OTBI classification was proposed, categorizing patients based on a combination of intracranial hematoma and midline shift observed on imaging, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with poor prognosis and to investigate the association between the novel OTBI classification and prognosis. …”
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Prolonged ICU Stay in Severe and Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who Received Convalescent Plasma Therapy by Bambang Pujo Semedi, Nadya Noor Ramadhania, Betty Agustina Tambunan, Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro, Soedarsono Soedarsono, Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa

“…Data of all severe and critically-ill patients in our COVID-19 ICU was collected retrospectively between May and November 2020. We dichotomized the variables and compared outcome data of 48 patients, who received convalescent plasma to 131 patients, receiving standard of care. …”
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