Microscopic Process and Mechanism of Cerium Steam Oxidation by CHEN Jin1, YAO Yaohui1, HUANG Kun1, YANG Jianxun1, GANG Fayuan1, ZHOU Jin2, DING Youqian1, ZHANG Shengdong1

“…Cerium (Ce) is a highly significant rare earth element with diverse applications in magnets, phosphors, alloys, catalysis, and batteries. …”
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Utilization of Bottom Ash from Biomass Combustion in a Thermal Power Plant to Remove Cadmium from the Aqueous Matrix by Eva Pertile, Tomáš Dvorský, Vojtěch Václavík, Bohdana Šimáčková, Lukáš Balcařík

“…This study provides a cost-effective method for using bottom ash from biomass combustion, which would otherwise constitute waste, to remove cadmium from acidic industrial wastewater. The X-ray powder diffraction method was used to identify the crystal forms, i.e., the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice, and to determine the composition of bottom ash, and the X-ray fluorescence method was used to obtain information on the elemental composition of bottom ash. …”
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Improving Mechanical Properties of Low-Quality Pure Aluminum by Minor Reinforcement with Fine B₄C Particles and T6 Heat Treatment by Maxat Abishkenov, Ilgar Tavshanov, Nikita Lutchenko, Nursultan Amanzholov, Daniyar Kalmyrzayev, Zhassulan Ashkeyev, Kayrosh Nogaev, Saltanat Kydyrbayeva, Assylbek Abdirashit

“…However, unlike many aluminum alloys, pure aluminum exhibits high ductility and is often free from expensive alloying elements. This makes it a promising candidate for minor reinforcement to produce cost-effective composites with an optimal balance of strength and ductility. …”
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Hybrid Electrocoagulation–Adsorption Process for Montelukast Sodium Removal from Water by Sayedali Mirkhalafi, Khalid S. Hashim, Osamah Al-Hashimi, Ali Majdi

“…The adsorbent materials were characterised using various analytical techniques: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for determining the crystalline structure, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental composition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying functional groups before and after interaction with the pollutants. …”
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Influence of Cr on the quaternary FeTaTiW medium entropy alloy by R. Martins, B. Monteiro, A. P. Gonçalves, J. B. Correia, A. Galatanu, E. Alves, E. Tejado, J. Y. Pastor, M. Dias

“…Despite this, the study underscores the promising attributes of HEAs and highlights areas for further optimization to enhance its suitability for extreme conditions.…”
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Influence of substrate bias on the properties of CrAlN wear-resistant coating prepared by arc/magnetron composite technology by Xiaoyan NIU, Mingze LIU, Guoqiang DONG, Yujiang WANG, Haoliang TIAN

“…In particular, the addition of Al elements caused the diffraction peak of the CrAlN phase to shift to higher angles. …”
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Effect of Oxygen and Zirconium on Oxidation and Mechanical Behavior of Fully γ Ti52AlxZr Alloys by Michal Kuris, Maria Tsoutsouva, Marc Thomas, Thomas Vaubois, Pierre Sallot, Frederic Habiyaremye, Jean-Philippe Monchoux

“…Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed to elucidate phase constitution and grain morphology. …”
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Electrochemical Sensing of Hg²⁺ Ions Using an SWNTs/Ag@ZnBDC Composite with Ultra-Low Detection Limit by Gajanan A. Bodkhe, Bhavna Hedau, Mayuri S. More, Myunghee Kim, Mahendra D. Shirsat

“…Meanwhile, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping revealed a uniform elemental distribution. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated enhanced thermal stability. …”
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Synthesis of novel magnesium ferrite Schiff base chitosan nanocomposite for efficient removal of pb(II) ions from aqueous media by Nada S. Al-Kadhi, Ehab A. Abdelrahman, Fowzia S. Alamro, Reem K. Shah, Fawaz A. Saad, Khalil ur Rehman

“…Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis verified the elemental composition of the nanocomposite, revealing distinct peaks corresponding to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, and iron. …”
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Research on Modification Technology of Laser Cladding Stellite6/Cu Composite Coating on the Surface of 316L Stainless Steel Plow Teeth by Wenhua Wang, Qilang He, Wenqing Shi, Weina Wu

“…Microstructural analysis, phase composition, elemental distribution, microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings on the plow teeth were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness testing, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), friction and wear testing, and electrochemical workstation measurements. …”
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Electric Tunable Structures Based on BaZr_xTi_1–xO₃ and BaSn_xTi_1–xO₃ Solid Solutions for Microwave Applications by A. V. Tumarkin, E. N. Sapego, A. G. Gagarin, N. V. Mukhin

“…The crystal structure and phase composition of the obtained films were studied by X-ray diffraction using a DRON-6 diffractometer on the emission spectral line CuKa1 (λ = 1.5406 Å). …”
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Investigation of the performance of activated carbon derived from ripe plantain peels for CO2 capture: Modelling and optimisation using response surface methodology by Emmanuel Rieborue Khama, Emmanuel Zeneboebi Loyibo, Wilfred Okologume, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme, Chukwudi Victor Okafor, Nnaemeka Princewill Ohia

“…PPAC was prepared through carbonization and activation using H3PO4, and its unique properties were extensively characterized which revealed irregular sponge-like protrusions and well-defined pores under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Elemental analysis identified carbon, silicon, and oxygen as major components, corroborated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis indicating the presence of silicon oxide (SiO2), potassium oxide (K2O), and calcium oxide (CaO). …”
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Preparation of Biochars from Different Sources and Study on Their Phosphorus Adsorption Properties by Yinlong Shao, Anqi Hu, Yongcan Jiang, Xianbiao Wang, Jingchen Li, Guanglong Liu

“…The physicochemical properties of the modified biochars were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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Effect of rice husk ash content and carbonization curing on lime-stabilized recycled aggregates: mechanical behavior and microscopic mechanism by Haocheng Lai, Kaihao Lin, Na Li, Junyi Qin, Yifang Song, Yiming Jiang, Wei Wang

“…Additionally, this study used x-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the chemical composition and phases of RLA, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to detect the elemental composition and content of RLA, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology of RLA. …”
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Controlled bottom-up synthesis and characterization of crystalline and amorphous lead(II) coordination polymers: Sonochemical methods, structure–property relationship, and photocat... by Saeedeh Ebad Sichani, Mohammad Jaafar Soltanianfard, Alison Zamanpour, Payam Hayati, Jan Janczak, Zahed Karimi-Jaberi

“…Analyses of the synthesized compounds were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, and CHNS elemental analysis. …”
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Study on the adsorption performance of Cu2+ in wastewater by red mud by Xurong Yang, Canhua Li, Wenqing Ma, Jiamao Li, Shanshan Feng, Lanyue Zhang, Aiqin Mao

“…The raw materials were characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). …”
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Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Five Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Supramolecules with Chain-like Organic Cations for Tetracycline Degradation by Changfu Chen, Xingxing Zhang, Chenfei Ren, Jiajun Yan, Kaijun Wu, Yi Yan, Xiru Song, Shufan Bu, Yunyin Niu

“…The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. …”
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Aqueous extract phyto-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-bentonite nanocomposites: Physical analysis and investigation of antibacterial activity by Jemal Adem, Enyew Amare Zereffa, Teshome Abdo Segne, H.C. Ananda Murthy, Neeraj Kumar Gupta, Temesgen Achamo Orshiso, C.R. Ravikumar, Dhanalakshmi Muniswamy, V.S. Kotakadi

“…Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the synthesis and structure of the NPs and NCs, revealing average crystallite sizes of 13.5–28.7 and 3.41–22.3 nm, respectively. …”
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Synthesis and Application of Fe₃O₄–ZrO₂ Magnetic Nanoparticles for Fluoride Adsorption from Water by Israel Águila-Martínez, José Antonio Pérez-Tavares, Efrén González-Aguiñaga, Pablo Eduardo Cardoso-Avila, Héctor Pérez Ladrón de Guevara, Rita Patakfalvi

“…SEM and EDS analyses revealed quasi-spherical and elongated morphologies with uniform elemental distribution, maintaining the designed Fe/Zr ratios. …”
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Research on shale lamination types and logging characterization methods: A case study of the Funing Formation Member 2 in Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin by TANG Lei, LIAO Wenting, XIA Lianjun, MA Jie, ZHANG Juan

“…Therefore, this study investigates the methods for quantitative characterization of shale lamination types and their development in Funing Formation Member 2 of Gaoyou Sag, by integrating data from core thin sections, whole rock diffraction, elemental logging, and well logging, based on the climatic and environmental evolution during different sedimentary stages. …”
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