Rail Surface Defect Diagnosis Based on Image–Vibration Multimodal Data Fusion by Zhongmei Wang, Shenao Peng, Wenxiu Ao, Jianhua Liu, Changfan Zhang

“…Secondly, a squeeze-and-excitation module is implemented to amplify defect-related features while suppressing non-essential characteristics. …”
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Influence of Temperature on Initiation Mechanism of Partial Discharge at the Interface Defects of Cable Accessories by Weiwei LI, Ke ZHU, Yuanshi DENG, Zikang WANG, Yonglu HUANG, Kai ZHOU

“…Obtained results showed that, as the test temperature applied on the unit increased, PDIV would decrease from 8.3 kV to 6.9 kV accordingly, and the PRPD spectrum presented obvious internal discharge characteristics. Meanwhile, tests on the actual defects of the cable accessory showed that when the temperature rose quickly, the temporary PD excitation occurred and the number and amplitude of PD increased significantly. …”
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Impact of Multi-Defect Coupling Effects on the Safety of Shield Tunnels and Cross Passages by Xiaokai Niu, Hongchuan Xing, Wei Li, Wei Song, Zhitian Xie

“…Long-term field surveys identified spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of four key defects—lining leakage, structural voids, material deterioration, and deformation—while revealing typical defect propagation patterns such as localized leakage at track beds and drainage pipe-induced voids. …”
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ANALYSIS OF SURFACE DEFECTS OF ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS WITH A SCANNING KELVIN PROBE by A. K. Tyavlovsky, A. L. Zharin, O. K. Gusev, R. I. Varabei, N. I. Muhurov, G. V. Sharonov, K. U. Pantsialeyeu

“…The study aims to the use of probe electrometry methods for nondestructive testing and analysis of precision metal surfaces’ defects after different treatment or processing.Control of surface defects of aluminum and its alloys was performed with a scanning Kelvin probe technique. …”
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Injectable Composite Hydrogel Stents for Bone Defect Management with Enhanced Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis by Chen Z, Jia M, Liu Y, Zhou H, Wang X, Wu M

“…Collectively, these mechanisms support the regeneration of blood vessels and bone in the cranium defect region of rats.Conclusion: The composite hydrogel stents demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility and biological characteristics, as evidenced by its ability to enhance both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. …”
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Psychological aspects of patients with breast cancer depending on the presence of visible postoperative defect by A. D. Zikiryakhodzhaev, M. V. Ermoschenkova, N. A. Sirota, B. A. Fetisov

“…The study of coping behavior of patients with breast cancer (I, II stages) in the postoperative period with «externally visible postoperative defect".Materials and methods. We studied the psychological characteristics of 35 patients with breast cancer (I, II stage), who underwent radical mastectomy, women were characterized in the postoperative period as "externally visible postoperative defect" ("e.v.p.d."), 35 patients with breast cancer (I, II stage) who underwent ablative and reconstructive plastic surgery, women were characterized in the postoperative period as "without an externally visible postoperative defect" ("without an e.v.p.d.").The results and conclusions. …”
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Recent advances in machine learning for defects detection and prediction in laser cladding process by X.C. Ji, R.S. Chen, C.X. Lu, J. Zhou, M.Q. Zhang, T. Zhang, H.L. Yu, Y.L. Yin, P.J. Shi, W. Zhang

“…This paper presents an overview of the typologies and formation mechanisms of defects encountered during laser cladding, elucidates the signal characteristics and expounds upon monitoring principles and methodologies employed within the laser cladding process. …”
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Longitudinal Trends in Pediatric Survival by Congenital Heart Defect in Texas, 1999 to 2017 by Sara B. Stephens, PhD, MPH, Shaine A. Morris, MD, MPH, Renata H. Benjamin, PhD, Mark A. Canfield, PhD, Charles J. Shumate, DrPH, Ruosha Li, PhD, Cecilia Cazaban-Ganduglia, MD, DrPH, A.J. Agopian, PhD

“…One-year survival differed by maternal race/ethnicity (eg, 58.3% for cases with complex pulmonary atresia born to non-Hispanic Black mothers vs 80.5% for non-Hispanic White mothers, P = 0.01), sex, gestational age, birthweight, and extracardiac defect status. Conclusions: One-year survival improved for most CHDs over recent decades, although survival varies widely by CHD and characteristics. …”
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Longest survivor of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect without surgical intervention by Sang Zhou, Yu Wu, Guoran Li, Yongwen Qin, Man Qi, Zhitao Jin

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Detection of external defects on potatoes by hyperspectral imaging technology and image processing method by Su Wenhao, Liu Guishan, He Jianguo, Wang Songlei, He Xiaoguang, Wang Wei, Wu Longguo

“…After that, principal component analysis was conducted again based on the five selected characteristic wavelengths, then elected the principal component images where the differences of grey value between the defective area and the surrounding area on potatoes were most obvious. …”
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Harmonic Suppressed Slot Antennas Using Rectangular/Circular Defected Ground Structures by Mohammad Saeid Ghaffarian, Gholamreza Moradi, Reza Zaker

“…Two wide rectangle-shaped microstrip-fed 2.6-GHz slot antennas using defected ground structures (DGSs) with a low design complexity are proposed to achieve wideband harmonic suppression. …”
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A Comparative Study of the Option of Fraud with the Option of Defect and the Option of Breach of Description by mohaddeseh Safarkhani, Mehdi Salehi, Reza Nikkhah Sarnaghi

“…: Fraud (Tadlīs) refers to deceit that occurs when a defect is concealed, or a non-existent perfection is attributed to the subject of a contract. …”
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Lesser omental hernia through a defect in the posterior layer of the lesser omentum by Hirotaka Shibuya, Keita Sato, Yosuke Yamauchi, Yoshihisa Tamura, Koji Takahashi, Yasushi Asari

“…Intraoperatively, the transverse colon was covered by the anterior layer of the lesser omentum, and a defect was found in the posterior layer of the lesser omentum on the dorsal side of the stomach. …”
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Application of Phased Array Ultrasound Flaw Detection Technology in Locomotive Integral Wheel Inspection by Jinlin ZHANG

“…Based on the analysis of the application situation of locomotive integral wheel and the research of phased array technology, aiming at the structural characteristics and defect-prone areas of locomotive integral wheel, the application effect of phased array ultrasonic technology in locomotive integral wheel flaw detection was verified by combining case analysis with CIVA simulation,and inspection scheme for defects of integral wheel rim of locomotive was provided, which supplemented method of flaw detection for locomotive intergral wheel rim.…”
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Research advancements in the Use of artificial intelligence for prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects by Maryam Yeganegi, Mahsa Danaei, Sepideh Azizi, Fatemeh Jayervand, Reza Bahrami, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib, Heewa Rashnavadi, Ali Masoudi, Amirmasoud Shiri, Kazem Aghili, Mahood Noorishadkam, Hossein Neamatzadeh

“…This review explores AI and machine learning (ML) in the early detection, prediction, and assessment of neural tube defects (NTDs) through prenatal ultrasound imaging. …”
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Automated Detection of Micro-Scale Porosity Defects in Reflective Metal Parts via Deep Learning and Polarization Imaging by Haozhe Li, Xing Peng, Bo Wang, Feng Shi, Yu Xia, Shucheng Li, Chong Shan, Shiqing Li

“…This framework introduces the SNWD (Selective Network with attention for Defect and Weathering Degradation) Loss function, which combines the SIOU Angle Loss with the NWD distribution sensing characteristics. …”
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Non-Contact Laser Ultrasound Detection of Internal Gas Defects in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Dongxia Tang, Chenguang Xu, Guidong Xu, Sen Cui, Sai Zhang

“…The study analyzes key ultrasonic characteristics under different laser parameters (energy, pulse width, and focal length) and their correlation with defective regions. …”
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Influence of the Level of Defective Insulation Resistance of Electrical Machine Windings on Parameters of no-Load Current by A. V. Isaev, Yu. V. Suhodolov, S. V. Sizikov, A. A. Lomtev, V. A. Lychkovsky

“…Diagnostic methods that will change at present for monitoring the condition of windings of electric machines do not allow to detect defect formation in them at early stages of development. …”
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Quantitative Study of Internal Defects in Copper Iron Alloy Materials Using Computed Tomography by Junli Guo, Qiang Hu, Kai Hu

“…This phenomenon may be the source of surface-peeling defects in the subsequent cold-rolling process. The occurrence of internal defects in the Cu-Fe alloy is related to both the composition characteristics and casting processes of the Cu-Fe alloy; on the other hand, it is also related to the hot-rolling process.…”
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Comparative Study of Amniotic Membrane Fixation Methods in the Treatment of Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects by A. N. Kulikov, S. V. Churashov, V. V. Karpovich, V. F. Chernysh, Yu. V. Kozlova, V. A. Bogdanov

“…Purpose: to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of suture and combined methods of amniotic membrane fixation in surgical treatment of corneal persistent epithelial defects. Materials and methods: 50 patients (54 eyes) were included in the research. …”
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