Analysis and Treatment of Floating Slab Track Bed Defects in Shanghai Rail Transit by QU Feng

“…[Method] Taking the floating slab track bed maintenance work across the entire Shanghai rail transit network as the context, the working principles and structural characteristics of the floating slab are analyzed. The main types of defects, the impact characteristics, and causes of floating slab track structure within Shanghai rail transit line network are identified. …”
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CP-YOLO: An Algorithm for Cigarette Pack Defects Detection Based on CCD Images by Peng Dong, Weihua Feng, Rui Wang, Mingyan Zhang, Qunye Hong, Yongsheng Wang, Di Wang, Guohao Zong

“…Consequently, this paper proposes an improved CP-YOLO algorithm based on YOLOv5 to address the characteristics of cigarette pack defects including large size variations and complex foreground-background information. …”
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Molecular dependencies and genomic consequences of a global DNA damage tolerance defect by Daniel de Groot, Aldo Spanjaard, Ronak Shah, Maaike Kreft, Ben Morris, Cor Lieftink, Joyce J. I. Catsman, Shirley Ormel, Matilda Ayidah, Bas Pilzecker, Olimpia Alessandra Buoninfante, Paul C. M. van den Berk, Roderick L. Beijersbergen, Heinz Jacobs

“…Results To determine the molecular and genomic impact of a global DDT defect, we studied PcnaK164R/−;Rev1−/− compound mutants in mouse cells. …”
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Novel Two-Dimensional (2-D) Defected Ground Array for Planar Circuits by Haiwen Liu, Xiaowei Sun, Zhengfan Li

“…Measurements show that the proposed DGA provides steeper cutoff characteristics, lower cutoff frequency, and higher slow-wave factors than the conventional periodic defected ground structure in the same occupied surface.…”
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Vacancy Defect Reconstruction and its Effect on Electron Transport in Si-C Nanotubes by S. Choudhary, S. Qureshi

“…We investigate the vacancy defect reconstruction and its effect on I-V characteristics in a (4, 0) zigzag and (5, 5) armchair silicon-carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) by applying self consistent non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism in combination with the density-functional theory to a two probe molecular junction constructed from SiCNTs. …”
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Imaging of Internal Defects of Polymer-Modified Wood Using Total Focusing Method by Liping Sun, Hongju Zhou, Hongwei Zhou, Guizhong Jiao, Ling Ma

“…This study constructed the polymer-modified wood models, simulated the electromagnetic scattering wave, and used the total focusing method to perform tomography of the defects in the polymer-modified wood. By analyzing the imaging characteristics of different types of defects, the effectiveness of electromagnetic waves in the detection of internal defects of polymer-modified wood was proved. …”
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Numerical simulation of cold forging process to investigate folding defect in enclosed dies by Payman Abhari

“…The numerical simulation techniques by using the rigid-plastic finite element method (FEM) as software QForm 2D have been applied to investigate defect as a folding defect in this paper. Based on the finite element simulations, forming characteristics such as deformation patterns (gridlines distortion), distributions of effective strain and stress at several stages of process as single-ended and double-ended with different forming parameters to avoid folding defect in cold forging process have been investigated. …”
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Defect detection using spatial spectral entropy for noncontact acoustic inspection method by Kazuko Sugimoto, Tsuneyoshi Sugimoto

“…In other words, by SSE analysis, the resonance frequency of both the defect and the SLDV can be detected and separated because of the difference in the spatial distribution characteristics of the vibration velocity spectrum for each the frequency. …”
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Design of an Underwater Robot System for Detecting Defects in Hydraulic Structures at Hydropower Stations by ZHANG Yi, ZHU Jun, YUAN Qingqing, WENG Yewei, PENG Shidong, SHEN Weige

“…In response to this, the paper developes an underwater robot system for inspection tasks based on the structural and defect characteristics of hydraulic buildings in hydropower stations. …”
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Statistical Modeling and Probable Calculation of the Strength of Materials with Random Distribution of Surface Defects by Roman Kvit, Petro Pukach, Tetyana Salo, Myroslava Vovk

“…Based on the solutions of deterministic fracture mechanics and the methods of probability theory, the algorithm for calculating the probabilistic strength characteristics of plate elements of structures with an arbitrary stochastic distribution of surface defects is outlined. …”
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Innovative defect cluster analysis algorithm and tool powered by machine learning techniques by Shuai Ren, Huizhao Li, Dandan Chen, Lingyu Dong, Changjun Hu

“…This paper makes four key contributions: (1) it employs the union-find algorithm to efficiently segment defect clusters in molecular dynamics data; (2) it integrates machine learning with material defect cluster characteristics, proposing a novel algorithm for defect cluster identification and classification, enabling detailed cluster visualization; (3) it introduces a defect data filtering method based on normal distribution, improving defect cluster classification accuracy; and (4) it develops software for analyzing defect clusters in nuclear reactor materials based on the proposed algorithms. …”
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Defect Engineering and Dopant Properties of MgSiO₃ by Kowthaman Pathmanathan, Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran, Poobalasingam Abiman, Navaratnarajah Kuganathan

“…In this study, we employ classical and density functional theory (DFT) simulations to investigate the defect and dopant characteristics of MgSiO₃. …”
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Advanced analysis of defect clusters in nuclear reactors using machine learning techniques by Shuai Ren, Xinyu Zhang, Huizhao Li, Changjun Hu, Dandan Chen

“…The contributions of this study are as follows: (1) Integration of a large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) dataset generated by cascade collisions and the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to investigate point defects and their clusters in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials; (2) Proposal of a novel clustering method based on physical characteristics, enabling efficient classification of defect clusters while effectively reducing data noise; (3) Development of a component-based defect cluster configuration recognition method using a dual-pointer lattice-filling technique, accurately capturing all defects and identifying several cluster morphologies observed in experiments; (4) Demonstration of the algorithm’s outstanding performance in handling systems containing millions of atomic coordinates, showcasing its scalability and robustness; (5) Visualization of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of defect clusters and provision of two-dimensional spatial density distribution maps for vacancy clusters and interstitial clusters, offering precise characterization of spatial relationships within defect clusters and new insights into the irradiation mechanisms of materials.…”
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Defect identification of fan blade based on adaptive parameter region growth algorithm by Wang Yifan, Wang Xueyao, Yang Dongmei, Ru Xinqin, Zhang Yuxin

“…Firstly, starting from the characteristics that the blade defects are darker than the surrounding and distributed in block or point shape, the blade images taken by UAV cruise are processed by grey scaling, filtering, histogram equalization and Grab-cut foreground segmentation. …”
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Therapeutic management for patients with trunk and extremities integumentary tissues defects of traumatic genesis by O. V. Ponomarenko

“…The choice of corrective surgical intervention method and the closure of the integumentary tissue defect depended on the size, the depth of the wound and hemodynamic characteristics of the damaged area. 2. …”
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UAV-based inspection of wind turbine blade surface defects detection technology by TAN Xingguo, ZHANG Gaoming

“…According to the characteristics of images collected by UAV, this paper adopts the weighted average method to realize gray processing, and then, the median filtering is applied to realize image noise reduction; the image enhancement is realized by CLAHE algorithm, which makes the details of target area and defect more clear and complete, and improves the detection efficiency. …”
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A texture enhanced attention model for defect detection in thermal protection materials by Jialin Song, Zhaoba Wang, Kailiang Xue, Youxing Chen, Guodong Guo, Maozhen Li, Asoke K. Nandi

“…Existing detection models struggle with these materials due to challenges like defect-background similarity, tiny size, and multi-scale characteristics. …”
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Triple-attentions based salient object detector for strip steel surface defects by Li Zhang, Xirui Li, Yange Sun, Huaping Guo

“…Existing deep learning based detectors for strip steel surface defects typically strive to iteratively refine and integrate the coarse outputs of the backbone network, enhancing the models’ ability to express defect characteristics. …”
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Prenatal Diagnosis of a Fetus with Congenital Heart Defect and Ring Chromosome 14 by Javier Sánchez, Lutgardo García-Díaz, David Chinchón, Guillermo Antiñolo

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Bilayer Type I Atelocollagen Scaffolds for In Vivo Regeneration of Articular Cartilage Defects by Sang Hun Woo, Bo Keun Lee, Andrew S. Kwak, Jin Hyo Yang, Seo Yeon Kim, Man Soo Kim, Ji Chul Yoo

“…Articular cartilage has limited regenerative potential due to its anatomical characteristics, making complete recovery from damage challenging. …”
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