ESTIMATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC DEFECTS DIMENSIONS OF SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON STRUCTURES by S. F. Sianko, V. A. Zelenin

“…However, it does not allow obtaining quantitative characteristics of observed defects, which essentially restricts its application. …”
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Numerical Simulation of Freckle Defects in Nickel based Superalloys by LIU Dong rong, REN Ying, GUO Er jun

“…In order to deeply understand the formation characteristics of freckle defects in the process of directional solidification of nickelbased superalloy, three major equations of fluid mechanics were used to simulate the formation of freckles during the directional solidification of CMSX2 superalloy based on the SIMPLE (SemiImplicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm The simulations in the reference were used to validate the model The effects of geometric shape and alloy composition on the flow field, solid fraction field and solute segregation distribution during solidification of the casting were investigated The simulations show that freckles are easily formed in the casting with shrinkage section The Al element in the alloy composition promotes the formation of freckles, while the Ta element plays a very good role in suppressing the formation of freckles…”
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The influence of chain defects on the crystallisation behaviour of isotactic polypropylene by D. W. van der Meer, J. Varga, G. J. Vancso

“…The crystallization characteristics of the α-, β-and γ-phases of isotactic polypropylene were studied for welldefined and fully characterized polymers with varying amounts of stereo- and regio-defects. …”
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PD Recognition for Typical Cardboard Insulation Defect with CNN by ZHAO Jing-he, XIU Da-yuan, WANG Jin-long, CHI Ming-he

“…Results show that the partial discharge of the three samples has unique characteristics. The partial discharge of flawless pressboard specimens occurs mostly at the phases of 0 to 120 degrees and 180 degrees to 300 degrees， while the air gap defect samples are discharged at the phase of 60 to 160 degrees， 240 degrees to 330 degrees， and the metal particle defect samples are pulsed at 80 to 160 degrees and 260 degrees to 340 degrees. …”
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Cross-Project Defect Prediction: A Literature Review by Sourabh Pal, Alberto Sillitti

“…Goals: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existing studies of cross-project models for defect prediction. It synthesizes the literature focusing on characteristics such as project type, software metrics, data preprocessing techniques, features selection approaches, classifiers, and performance measures used. …”
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Research on the application of defect engineering in the field of environmental catalysis by Sirui Gao, Shunzheng Zhao, Xiaolong Tang, Long Sun, Qiyu Li, Honghong Yi

“…Focusing on an overview of the characteristics of the role of defects in electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and thermal catalytic reactions and the mechanism of catalytic reactions. …”
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Psychosocial characteristics of patients in a cosmetology clinic: results of a non-sample study by E. S. Bagnenko

“…An analysis of clinical data showed a relationship between the severity of a facial skin defect and its nature (symptoms), age, comorbid pathology, and treatment efficacy. …”
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Electrical Transport Characteristics and Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy of Ni/V/n-InP Schottky Barrier Diodes by V.Rajagopal Reddy, S.Sankar Naik

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Experimental study on the damage characteristics of sol-gel antireflection coatings on large-aperture optical components by in-situ plasma cleaning by Rongqi Shen, Yuhai Li, Zixu Wang, Laixi Sun, Xiaodong Yuan, Xiang Dong, Xia Xiang, Bo Li, Xujie Liu, Xueshi Xu, Tingting Wang, Qingshun Bai

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Defect Inspection in Display Panel Using Concentrated Auto Encoder by DongHun Ku

“…The abnormal PS obtained through CAE has the same alignment as the reference PS and has its abnormal characteristics. The presence or absence of defects and the location of defects were identified without precisely measuring the height of the PS and critical dimension (CD). …”
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SEPDNet: simple and effective PCB surface defect detection method by Du Lang, Zhenzhen Lv

“…SEPDNet (Simple and Effective PCB Defect Detection Network) is designed for the characteristics of the dataset, only one detection head is used, which reduces the number of parameters and improves the detection performance at the same time. …”
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Variation of DNA copies number in etiology of congenital heart defects by A. A. Slepukhina, I. N. Lebedev, G. I. Lifshitz

“…Past decade, there is a remarkable evidence of that the variation of DNA copies number (copy number variation, CNV) is related with onset of inborn heart defects (IHD). The review is focused on an impact of CNV in IHD development. …”
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PREDISPOSITION FACTORS ANALYSIS FOR FOURNIER'S GANGRENE DEFECTS CLOSURE COMPLICATION by Bayu Fasi Bermani, Sitti Rizaliyana, Ira Handriani

“…Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from January 2017 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed the characteristics of the patients, risk factors, methods of defect closure, and case outcome. …”
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Design of CPW-Fed Antenna with Defected Substrate for Wideband Applications by Amar Sharma, Puneet Khanna, Kshitij Shinghal, Arun Kumar

“…A CPW-fed defected substrate microstrip antenna is proposed. …”
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On the Propagation of Waves in an Anisotropic Solid with Laser-Induced Atomic Defects by F. Kh. Mirzade

“…Significant effect of defects and anisotropy on wave characteristics is observed in certain ranges of frequency. …”
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Software Defects Predictions using SQL Complexity and Naïve Bayes by Made Agus Putra Subali, I Gusti Rai Agung Sugiartha, I Made Budi Adnyana, I Putu Aditya Putra, Made Dai Subawa

“…Software defects result in unreliable software, therefore predicting software defects is an effort to produce quality software. …”
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Impact ionization and the paradox of defects in transition metal dichalcogenide FETs by Rupali Verma, Utpreksh Patbhaje, Asif A. Shah, Aadil Bashir Dar, Mayank Shrivastava

“…Several unique observations, such as threshold voltage left-shift, increased subthreshold slope, anticlockwise hysteresis in the output characteristics, and bias-dependent redistribution of the electric field, are recorded when biased in the impact ionization regime, which we discover is due to the field-dependent dynamic occupancy of the defect states. …”
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Influence of internal technological defects on the mechanical properties of structural CFRP by D.S. Lobanov, S.V. Slovikov, E.M. Lunegova

“…The investigated defects lead to a decrease in strength and elastic characteristics by at least 15% and 5%, respectively.…”
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Progress in Nondestructive Detection Techniques for Internal Defects of Agro-products by Rong PENG, Zhenzhen LÜ, Xuan LUO, Wen ZHANG

“…With the development of nondestructive detection technologies, the methods based on optical, thermal, acoustic, and electromagnetic properties have gradually been applied to the detection of internal defects in agro-products in recent years. This paper reviews the principles and characteristics of the nondestructive detection technologies and their research advancements in detecting internal defects in ago-products and introduces the applications of multi-technology fusion and artificial intelligence in the nondestructive detection. …”
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Quantitative study of local defects by pulsed eddy current testing by Zhaoyang Li, Liang Dong

“…This approach ensures that the probe settings are tailored to the specific characteristics of the defects being investigated. Simulation data are utilized to invert the probe parameters and extract defect information, thereby validating the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. …”
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