The Enduring Conflict in Somalia: Analyzing the Dynamics of Instability and the Path to Sustainable Peace by Zoia Malik

“…Rooted in colonial legacies and clan-based divisions, the conflict intensified under Siad Barre’s authoritarian regime and escalated into civil war following his ousting in 1991. The rise of militant groups like Al-Shabaab, external interventions, and weak governance have further complicated peace efforts. …”
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