Performance Analysis of a Reciprocating Refrigeration Compressor Under Variable Operating Speeds by Willian T. F. D. da Silva, Vitor M. Braga, Cesar J. Deschamps

“…Variable-speed reciprocating compressors (VSRCs) have been increasingly used in domestic refrigeration due to their ability to modulate cooling capacity and reduce energy consumption. …”
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Analysis of the Influence of Clutch Drag Torque on the Efficiency of Hydro-mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission by Rong Chai, Mingzhu Zhang, Jianhua Wang, Fang Jia

“…In order to study the influence of multiple clutches on the transmission efficiency of a hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission （HMCVT），the structure characteristics of a closed loop consisting of multiple wet friction clutches in the transmission are investigated. …”
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Efficient and variable viscosity fracturing fluid of deep coal rock gas and popularization in ultimate volume fracturing by Bo LIN, Shuai CHEN, Xiangyang YAN, Mengqi CHEN, Liangjun DU, Heng CHEN, Hongsheng LU, Shuai SUN

“…By taking the advantage of SFY-2, a efficient and variable viscosity fracturing fluid is constructed to fit the design idea of coal rock gas Ultimate volume Fracturing, the variable viscosity control scheme is formulated and the construction technology is optimizated to achieve the goal of “Breaking” the coal rock sufficiently, creating complex sewing nets, filling sands fully and supporting effective. …”
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A review on frictional torque reduction approaches for energy efficient roller bearings by Mohammad Lutfar Rahaman, Esteban Bernal, Maksym Spiryagin, Colin Cole, Roger Buckley, Qing Wu

“…This review examines various strategies to enhance the energy efficiency of roller bearings by reducing frictional torques from multiple sources: roller rolling resistance, sliding friction at roller ends, lubricant agitation, interactions with bearing cages, and frictional losses in seals. …”
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Dem-driven investigation and AutoML-Enhanced prediction of Macroscopic behavior in cementitious composites with Variable frictional parameters by Vahid Shafaie, Majid Movahedi Rad

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Efficient and conservative estimation reliability analysis of strip footing on spatially variable c - ϕ soil using random finite element limit analysis by Szabowicz Hubert, Kawa Marek, Puła Wojciech

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Analysis of Meshing Efficiency of Straigh Bevel Gear based on Integrated Lubrication by Tang Xiaogui, Wang Bin, Li Peihong, Chen Xinbo

“…In order to predict the transient meshing efficiency of bevel gear pairs,a theoretical model of friction coefficient is established under boundary lubrication,elastohydrodynamic lubrication and mixed lubrication based on the principle of equivalent gear theory,by simplifying bevel gear into equivalent straigh gear,and by computing oil film-thickness ratio. …”
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Enhancing joint efficiency in friction stir welding of PA66 using an induction-heated threaded pin and glass fiber reinforcement by Ammar Elsheikh, Mohamed Ahmed Elmosalamy, Ninshu Ma, Ibrahim Eldeeb, Ezzat Showaib, Saad Ebied

“…This study investigates the friction stir welding (FSW) of polyamide 66 (PA66) sheets using an induction-heated threaded pin tool with a stationary shoulder. …”
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Adaptive Control of the Aerodynamic Flaps of the Savonius Rotor Under Variable Wind Loads by Alina Fazylova, Kuanysh Alipbayev, Teodor Iliev, Nazgul Kaliyeva

“…This study presents the development of an adaptive control system for aerodynamic flaps of a two-tier vertical-axis Savonius wind rotor to improve performance under variable wind loads. The approach includes detailed kinematic and dynamic modeling of the flap actuation mechanism, accounting for real-world nonlinearities such as backlash, friction, and impact loads. …”
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Design and Dynamic Analysis of the Multi-link Mechanism for Variable Compression Ratio Engine by Xu Kai, Feng Zengming, Yang Jinxing, Chu Yaxu

“…The results show that the multi-link mechanism can realize real-time variable compression ratio to meet the actual operating conditions, has mechanical advantages in power amplification characteristics and restraining friction between piston and cylinder wall, and brings additional dynamic benefits in engine vibration.…”
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The Development and Characteristics of an In-Wheel Assembly Using a Variable Speed-Reducing Device by Kyeongho Shin, Kyoungjin Ko, Junha Hwang

“…This study proposes an in-wheel assembly with a variable speed-reduction device designed to maximize torque and vehicle speed, enabling high-performance vehicle-level driving characteristics in front-engine, rear-wheel drive (FR), internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, where conventional EV motors cannot facilitate e-4WD. …”
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Reliability Analysis of Three-dimensional Soil Slopes Considering Spatial Variability of Soil Parameters by Wan Yukuai, Zhou Yuqi, Shao Linlan, Wang Yuke, Zhang Fei

“…To address these limitations, this study employs the covariance matrix decomposition method to generate 3D lognormal random fields for soil parameters, enabling efficient modeling of spatial variability. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is refined with enhanced termination criteria and integrated with the 3D Bishop method to search for the minimum factor of safety (F). …”
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Soret and dufour impacts on radiative power-law fluid flow via continuously stretchable surface with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity by T. S. Khaleque, A. Hossain, M. D. Shamshuddin, Mohammad Ferdows, S. O. Salawu, Shuyu Sun

“…The uniqueness of this study lies in the consideration of fluid variable thermic conductivity and viscosity, which introduces a higher degree of realism into the analysis. …”
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Optimization Design of Gear Transmission Parameter based on Efficiency Improvement by Rui Su, Gangjun Li, Huazhi Li, Pingping Liu, Yangsen Huang

“…The integral along the length of thread engagement is calculated for the average transmission efficiency expression of gear in meshing process. The expression of the independent variables including active tooth number z1， the transmission ratio i， the friction coefficient f and pressure angle α. …”
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Optimization of heat transfer and entropy for Maxwell dusty fluid: Significance of Lorentz force and variable viscosity by Aziz Ullah Awan, Sidra Qayyum, Bagh Ali, Fehmi Gamaoun, Nehad Ali Shah, N. Ameer Ahammad, Sohail Nadeem

“…Additionally, the Nusselt number and friction factor are computed. The results demonstrated that the mixed convection parameter and the dusty-fluid interaction variable increase the entropy production and the Bejan number. …”
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Significance of dissipative flow on a second-grade nanofluid with variable thermal properties on the stretching surface by Zia Ullah, Aamir Abbas Khan, Shalan Alkarni, Abhinav Kumar, N. Beemkumar, Tushar Aggarwal, Ashwin Jacob, Jajneswar Nanda, Feyisa Edosa Merga

“…This work analyzes the impact of viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity on second-grade nanofluid. …”
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Efficiency Assessment of a High-Speed Tracked Vehicle Hybrid Powertrain by Ponorac Luka, Blagojević Ivan

“…This is to prove the argument of the efficiency benefits of electrifying the vehicle turning mechanism and eliminating the friction elements slip. …”
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Comparison Study of Method for Calculation of Mesh Efficiency of Involute Gear Pair by Chen Yinglin Chen Jiangyi

“…Taking the distance between pitch point and contact point as a variable, two expressions of instantaneous efficiency of gear pair are derived from the perspective of work and force. …”
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Multimodal bearing fault classification under variable conditions: A 1D CNN with transfer learning by Tasfiq E. Alam, Md Manjurul Ahsan, Shivakumar Raman

“…Bearings play an integral role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of rotating machinery — reducing friction and handling critical loads. …”
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Probabilistic analysis of active earth pressures in spatially variable soils using machine learning and confidence intervals by Tran Vu-Hoang, Tan Nguyen, Jim Shiau, Duy Ly-Khuong, Hung-Thinh Pham-Tran

“…Abstract This study introduces a probabilistic framework for assessing active earth pressures in soils exhibiting spatial variability in friction angles and unit weight. These properties are modeled using random fields with log-normal distributions and spatial correlation lengths. …”
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