Efficient Prediction of Shallow-Water Acoustic Transmission Loss Using a Hybrid Variational Autoencoder–Flow Framework by Bolin Su, Haozhong Wang, Xingyu Zhu, Penghua Song, Xiaolei Li

“…The results demonstrated that the VAE–Flow network achieved higher computational efficiency, with a computation time of 4 s for generating 1000 acoustic TL samples, versus the over 500 s required by the KRAKEN model, while preserving accuracy, with median structural similarity index measure (SSIM) values over 0.90.…”
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Regional Climate Drives Spatial Variation in Species Richness in the Most Diverse Family of Neotropical Snakes (Colubroidea: Dipsadidae) by Juan P. Ramírez, Julián A. Velasco, Tod W. Reeder

“…Then, using piecewise structural equations, we evaluated and compared the ability to predict the richness of these cells by several environmental (current climatic seasonality and past climatic stability) and evolutionary variables (speciation rates and time for speciation). …”
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A Variation of the Double Deep Fibular Nerve with Multiple Connections to the Superficial Fibular Nerve on the Dorsal Aspect of the Foot by Kemal Emre Özen, Hüma Kaçar, Merve Küçüker

“…However, the superficial nerve anatomy of the dorsum of the left foot exhibited the anatomical structure commonly described in classical textbooks. …”
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Liebenberg syndrome severity arises from variations in Pitx1 locus topology and proportion of ectopically transcribing cells by Olimpia Bompadre, Raquel Rouco, Fabrice Darbellay, Antonella Rauseo, Fanny Guerard-Millet, Claudia Gentile, Marie Kmita, Guillaume Andrey

“…Finally, we show that changes in 3D chromatin structure and enhancer-promoter contacts are not the result of Pitx1 transcription.…”
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Towards High Extinction Ratio in Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches—Unravelling Complexity of Fabrication Variation by Rui Zhu, Xin Zhou, Nan Yang, Lemeng Leng, Wei Jiang

“…This illustrates the complexity of fabrication variation in active silicon photonic devices, and an approach to unraveling the complexity through separating the device level and structure level.…”
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Suppression of Strong Cultural Noise in Magnetotelluric Signals Using Particle Swarm Optimization-Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition by Zhongda Shang, Xinjun Zhang, Shen Yan, Kaiwen Zhang

“…The processing of field data confirms that this method effectively suppresses strong cultural noise in strongly interfering environments, leading to significant improvements in the apparent resistivity and phase curve data, thereby enhancing the authenticity and reliability of underground electrical structure interpretations.…”
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Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Life‐History Traits of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) in the Canadian Waters of Lake Huron by Ryder J. Rutko, Richard G. Manzon, Joanna Y. Wilson, Christopher M. Somers

“…Despite being the basis for commercial harvest quotas, it is unknown if management units reflect current yellow perch population structure, or if yellow perch life‐history traits changed following a major ecosystem shift associated with invasive mussels in the early 2000s. …”
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Characterizing fine-scale spatiotemporal variations in canopy litterfall and fine root dynamics in cool temperate forest ecosystems by Mark Bryan Carayugan, Ji Young An, Byung Bae Park

“…This study combined up to four years of field measurements (2–4 years for litterfall, 1 year for fine root stocks, and 2 years for fine root production and mortality) from twelve 0.02–0.09-ha stands in Gwangneung Experimental Forest to investigate the relationships between litter and fine root variability and stand topographic, structural, and edaphic features. Topography emerged as a key driver of variation within stands, significantly influencing total litterfall (βstd.= −0.568 for elevation; βstd.= −0.597 for slope), leaf litterfall (βstd.= −0.722 for elevation), total fine root biomass (βstd. = −0.863 for slope), and < 1mm-sized root biomass (βstd.= −0.618 for slope). …”
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Nestling Plumage Colour Variation in a Sexually Dichromatic Hole‐Nesting Passerine Bird—Potential Functions and Mechanisms by Miklós Laczi, Gábor Herczeg, Fanni Sarkadi, Helga Gyarmathy, Márton Herényi, Mónika Jablonszky, Gabriella Kőmüves, Gábor Markó, Gergely Nagy, Balázs Rosivall, Gyula Szabó, János Török, Gergely Hegyi

“…The results also suggested that the yellow colouration of the stripe was probably caused by a white structural background and porphyrin pigmentation. Based on our results, we offer testable hypotheses on the potential adaptive functions of early‐life sex‐specific colouration patterns in birds for different contexts, including parent‐offspring communication or hiding from predators.…”
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A multiscale mesoscopic model for investigating the evolution characteristics of tunnel lining cracks and the variation of local bearing capacity by Zhi Lin, Xiang Chen, XiLin Lü, Hongyun Yang, Wanlin Feng, ZhangLong Xu

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Emission and Transcriptional Regulation of Aroma Variation in <i>Oncidium</i> Twinkle ‘Red Fantasy’ Under Diel Rhythm by Yan Chen, Shengyuan Zhong, Lan Kong, Ronghui Fan, Yan Xu, Yiquan Chen, Huaiqin Zhong

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Spatiotemporal Variations in Strain Release and Seismic Rupture in Multifault Systems: An Example from Panamint Valley, Southeastern California by Aubrey A. LaPlante, Christine A. Regalla, Israporn Sethanant, Shannon A. Mahan, Harrison J. Gray

“…Then, we quantify slip kinematics using high-resolution structure from motion digital surface models. We find the Panamint Valley transtensional relay (PVTR) hosted four late Holocene earthquakes, bracketed to ~5.8–3.4 ka, ~3.8–2.2 ka, ~2.4–0.6 ka, and ~0.64–0.16 ka, with ~0.6–1.1 m of slip per event, correlative to Mw ≈ 6.7–6.9 earthquakes. …”
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Modeling and Analysis of Wind Turbine Wake Vortex Evolution Due to Time-Constant Spatial Variations in Atmospheric Flow by Alayna Farrell, Fernando Ponta, North Yates

“…However, these advancements in lightweight design result in heightened aeroelastic sensitivity, leading to complex interactions which affect the rotor’s capacity to withstand aerodynamic loading and the cascading effects that manifest in the wake’s vortex-structure evolution under variable atmospheric conditions. …”
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Optimization Driven Variational Autoencoder GAN for Artifact Reduction in EEG Signals for Improved Neurological Disorder and Disability Assessment by Sikkandar Mohamed Yacin, Sabarunisha Begum S., Alassaf Ahmad, AlMohimeed Ibrahim, Alhussaini Khalid, Aleid Adham, Alhaidar Abdulrahman Khalid

“…BSO optimally adjusts the encoding and decoding parameters within the VAE-GAN structure, enabling the model to handle different noise levels and helps to find different neurological disorders. …”
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Characteristics of water phase permeability variation in medium-low permeability oil reservoirs during high multiple waterflooding by MA Xiaoli, BI Yongbin, JIANG Mingjie, LI Dan, GU Xiao

“…In the later stages, due to water flushing, fine silt particles and clay minerals in the cement may detach and migrate to pore throats, causing blockage and damage to the pore throat structure, thereby reducing water phase permeability. …”
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Identifying spatiotemporal variations in four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) fishery nurseries to enhance management and stock assessment by Esther Abad, Francisco Izquierdo, Jorge Landa, Francisco Velasco, Manuel Hidalgo, Maria Grazia Pennino

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Variations and controlling factors of soil CO2 release at daytime and nighttime scales in the loess hilly regions of China by Yarong Sun, Senbao Lu, Yunming Chen

“…Soil respiration is intimately associated with soil temperature, soil organic carbon content, root biomass, and leaf carbon content; the cumulative contributions of climate, vegetation, and soil properties to soil respiration were 12 %–18 %, 18 %–30 %, and 41 %–50 % during daytime and 12 %–25 % 24 %–28 %, and 40 %–46 % during nighttime at soil depths of 0–10, 10–50, 50–100 cm. Additionally, Structural Equation Modelling implied that soil moisture and temperature directly affected soil respiration during the daytime, and air temperature and relative humidity acted as indirect factors during the nighttime. …”
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Intraspecific Variation and Recent Loss of Ancient, Conserved Effector Genes in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum by Nicholas C. Cauldron, Caroline M. Press, Alexandra J. Weisberg, Marília Horta Jung, Tamara Corcobado, Joan F. Webber, Koji Kageyama, Ayaka Hieno, Hayato Masuya, Seiji Uematsu, Bruno Scanu, Clive M. Brasier, Thomas Jung, Jeff H. Chang, Niklaus J. Grünwald

“…The six genomes were assembled into 13 putative chromosomes. Analysis of structural variation revealed multiple chromosome fusion and fission events. …”
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Spatio-temporal Variation of Landuse Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Zoning in Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration Area by Wang Zhengqiang, Qin Menglin, Tang Shibin, Zhao Yincheng, Pang Yayue, Gong Yuanhong

“…[Results] ① From 2000 to 2020, the carbon balance of the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration showed an overall increase, the main carbon emission area at the municipal scale showed a “core-periphery” structure, and the main absorption area has shown a “barb” spatial pattern. ② From 2000 to 2020, the carbon sources and sinks in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration area showed a northwest-southeast direction, except for the Guangxi region that showed a northeast-southwest dominant direction, with a stable spatial distribution center of gravity. ③ From 2000 to 2020, the coordinates of carbon sources and carbon sinks in the urban agglomeration area were greater than 0.5. …”
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<i>Ammopiptanthus nanus</i> Population Dynamics: Bridging the Gap Between Genetic Variation and Ecological Distribution Patterns by Jingdian Liu, Mengmeng Wei, Jiayi Lu, Shiqing Liu, Xuerong Li, Xiyong Wang, Jiancheng Wang, Daoyuan Zhang, Ting Lu, Wei Shi

“…The population structure of 129 wild specimens of <i>A. nanus</i> from eight populations was analyzed using EST-SSR molecular markers in this research. …”
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