Management of recurrent aggressive vertebral hemangiomas: a comparative study of piecemeal intralesional spondylectomy and modified total en bloc spondylectomy by Dongjie Jiang, Zihuan Zhou, Qi Zhang, Shaohui He, Haitao Sun, Xiaopan Cai, Tielong Liu, Xinghai Yang, Haifeng Wei, Jianru Xiao

“…Clinical documentation and surgical outcomes, including pre- and postoperative neurological function assessed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), surgical duration, blood loss, recurrence rate, and complications, were retrospectively presented and analyzed. …”
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Enhancing Deep Hashing With GCN-Based Models for Efficient Similarity Search by Sooin Kim, Seonghyun Min, Wongyum Kim, Donghoon Kim, Doosung Hwang

“…Deep hashing models are employed to efficiently store and swiftly search large-scale datasets where data are high dimensional. Their optimization of the loss function and the non-differentiable sign function can lead to inadequate backpropagation learning, resulting in hash codes that may be challenging for similarity preserving. …”
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Impact of Terminalia chebula Retz polysaccharide and Rubia cordifolia L. processed Terminalia chebula Retz polysaccharides on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Chinese... by Jing Wang, Tiejin Tong, Qiang Wu, Min He

“…Further research should optimize dosing and explore gut-microbiota-immune interactions to enhance therapeutic applications.…”
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Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application by Muttiah Barathan, Sook Luan Ng, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Min Hwei Ng, Jia Xian Law

“…Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates due to their unique properties and versatile functions. These vesicles play a crucial role in immunomodulation by influencing macrophage differentiation and cytokine production, potentially aiding in the treatment of conditions such as bone loss, fibrosis, and cancer. mEVs also have the capacity to modulate gut microbiota composition, which may alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases and promote intestinal barrier integrity. …”
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The usefulness and utilisation of Lu’s retractor for unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective cohort study by Qing-zhou Zhang, Da-wei Zhang, Hui-lan Wen, Tao Chen, Jun-quan Chen, Hai Lu

“…Abstract Background A novel endoscopic instrument, Lu’s retractor, was developed to address the recurrent issue of limited visualisation during unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spinal surgery. Engineered to optimize the surgical field by mitigating soft tissue interference, this device aims to enhance operative precision and efficiency. …”
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FSSA: A Fully Serial and Mixed-Precision Systolic Array for Vision Transformer Acceleration on Edge by Iraj Moghaddasi, Byeong-Gyu Nam

“…The proposed architecture integrates bit-serial processing into the systolic array architecture to optimize computational efficiency. FSSA leverages a streamlined design, bit-precision adjustment, and bit-sparsity exploitation to accelerate and enhance efficiency. …”
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Influence of Algal Incorporation on Sensory and Physicochemical Attributes of Caseless Sausage—Ćevap (CSC) by Caba Siladji, Vesna Djordjevic, Branka Borovic, Volker Heinz, Nino Terjung, Nenad Katanic, Igor Tomasevic

“…Overall, this research supports the viability of using algae as functional ingredients in meat products, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate type and concentration of algae to optimize both physicochemical parameters and sensory qualities in caseless sausages.…”
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Dual-level graph contrastive collaborative filtering by Jiahao Wang, Qingshuai Wang, Kai Ma, Noor Farizah Ibrahim, Zurinahni Zainol

“…Finally, DL-GCL employs a multi-task learning strategy to optimize local-global views and BPR (Bayesian Personalized Ranking) loss functions. …”
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Lightweight rice leaf spot segmentation model based on improved DeepLabv3+ by Jianian Li, Long Gao, Xiaocheng Wang, Jiaoli Fang, Zeyang Su, Yuecong Li, Shaomin Chen

“…Furthermore, coordinate attention (CA) mechanism was incorporated before the PGFF module to improve robustness of the model in complex environments. A hybrid loss function integrating Focal Loss and Dice Loss was ultimately proposed to mitigate class imbalance between disease and background pixels in rice disease imagery.ResultsValidated on rice disease images captured under natural illumination conditions, the MMCP-DeepLabv3+ model achieved a mean intersection over union (MIoU) of 81.23% and mean pixel accuracy (MPA) of 89.79%, with floating-point operations (Flops) and the number of model parameters (Params) reduced to 9.695 G and 3.556 M, respectively. …”
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A Distributional Regression Network With Data Transformation for Calibrating Rainfall Forecasts by Zeqing Huang, Andrew Schepen, James C. Bennett, David E. Robertson, Tongtiegang Zhao, Eun‐Soon Im, Quan J. Wang

“…We develop a distributional regression network that accounts for the positive skewness and zero bound of rainfall by incorporating a normalizing transformation (log‐sinh) in both the input and output stages. A unified loss function is formulated based on the negative log‐likelihood function for parameter optimization. …”
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3D-Printed Demultiplexer Circuits Using Suspended-in-Air Grating Couplers for Terahertz Communications by Babak Yahyapour, Frederic Marcotte, Roya Gachiloo, Maksim Skorobogatiy

“…Finally, we developed a low-loss splicing technique for joining several components into functional devices and demonstrated four-channel THz WDM demultiplexers with in-plane (horizontal) and a more compact out-of-plane (vertical) integration. …”
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Rearrangeable-Nonblocking Five-Port Silicon Optical Switch for 2-D-Mesh Network on Chip by Ting Zhou, Hao Jia, Jincheng Dai, Shanglin Yang, Lei Zhang, Xin Fu, Lin Yang

“…We propose and experimentally demonstrate a five-port silicon optical switch based on the optimized Spanke–Beneš structure for 2-D-mesh network on chip. …”
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Reservoir evaluation using petrophysics informed machine learning: A case study by Rongbo Shao, Hua Wang, Lizhi Xiao

“…We propose a novel machine learning approach to improve the formation evaluation from logs by integrating petrophysical information with neural networks using a loss function. The petrophysical information can either be specific logging response equations or abstract relationships between logging data and reservoir parameters. …”
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A Design Framework for Scalable and Adaptive Multi-Agent Coordination in Dynamic Environments: Addressing Concurrent Agent and Environment Interactions by Raza Muhammad Kazim, Guoxin Wang, Zhenjun Ming, Jinhui Cao, Janet K. Allen, Farrokh Mistree

“…Performance comparison charts and loss function graphs emphasize AADMA’s superiority in addressing the complexities of real-time coordination and adaptability. …”
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Preliminary study on the neural mechanisms of four tone recognition in deaf children using fMRI by Qiang Li, Yuan Meng, Qiuli Li, Heng Zhao, Shiyu Li

“…The results revealed that (1) Due to hearing loss, some of the auditory cortices responsible for processing vocal intonation in deaf children do not function optimally, (2) When decoding vocal intonation information, deaf children might utilize alternative neural pathways or networks, (3) Deaf children exhibit hemispheric specialization in their processing of vocal intonation cues.…”
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A Multi-Mode Switching Energy Management Strategy Based on Travel Habits for Range-Extended Electric Vehicle by Zhenhai Gao, Guoqing Zhang, Hanwu Liu, Cheng Chang, Jingwen Dong, Rongrong He, Yu Cai

“…Finally, the simulation and experimental results thoroughly indicate that the proposed M-MSEMS with future mileage prediction function can achieve more comprehensive vehicle performance, including improving fuel economy and reducing energy loss, which is that equivalent fuel consumption is reduced by 3.09%, the fuel-to-electric conversion loss rate is reduced by 5.33%, and battery capacity degradation is reduced by 19.01%. …”
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Insufficiency of luteal phase defect an assessment of criteria in patients with endocrine forms of infertility by A. G. Davudova

“…The object of the study is a comprehensive comparative assessment of the reproductive system of patients with impaired function of the corpus luteum suffering from endocrine forms of infertility and optimization criteria for determining the NLF. …”
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The Structural Stability of Enzymatic Proteins in the Gas Phase: A Comparison of Semiempirical Hamiltonians and the GFN-FF by Jarosław J. Panek

“…The study of proteins outside their standard water environment, necessary to arrive at their successful applied use, is, however, limited by the loss of the structure and function of the macromolecules in the gas phase. …”
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Entropy-Guided Distributional Reinforcement Learning with Controlling Uncertainty in Robotic Tasks by Hyunjin Cho, Hyunseok Kim

“…Overestimation bias in value function estimation and high uncertainty within environments make it difficult to determine the optimal action. …”
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Target Detection Label Assignment Method Based on Global Information by ZHANG Pei-pei, LU Zhen-yu

“…Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a target detection label allocation method based on global information, which uses the assignment method to establish a global optimal label allocation mathematical model based on the loss function in the model training stage, and gives the fusion mode of the model with other object detection models, and the role played by the method in the process of object detection. …”
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