An Improved Crayfish Algorithm-Based Neural Network Method for Modeling Microstrip Patch Antennas by Shao-Long Cao, Yu Shao, Yang Wang, Ju Tan, Jie Zhang

“…This paper proposes an improved crayfish optimization algorithm (ICOA) to optimize the initial weights and biases of the neural network, aiming to enhance both convergence accuracy and speed. …”
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Advanced Age as a Risk Factor of Drug-Induced Diseases by D. A. Sychev, O. D. Ostroumova, A. P. Pereverzev, A. I. Kochetkov, T. M. Ostroumova, M. V. Klepikova, E. Yu. Ebzeeva

“…For instance, older people have a decreased cardiac output both at rest and during exercise, weight loss, loss of elasticity of elastic vessels, a reduced number of functioning nephrons, poorer renal filtration capacity, decreased liver volume, a reduced number of functioning hepatocytes, decreased hepatic blood flow. …”
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REU-Net: A Remote Sensing Image Building Segmentation Network Based on Residual Structure and the Edge Enhancement Attention Module by Tianen Yuan, Bo Hu

“…Furthermore, a hybrid loss function combining edge consistency loss and binary cross-entropy loss is used to train the network, aiming to improve segmentation accuracy. …”
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Bio-Impedance Analysis of Human Upper Limbs Based on Transient Simulation Using the Finite Element Method by Enver Salkim, Tayfun Abut

“…<b>Introduction:</b> Upper-limb loss results in significant functional impairment and a reduced quality of life. …”
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A physics-informed neural network-based method for predicting degradation trajectories and remaining useful life of supercapacitors by Lixin E, Jun Wang, Ruixin Yang, Chenxu Wang, Hailong Li, Rui Xiong

“…Physical equations are embedded into the loss function to ensure consistency with domain knowledge, allowing the loss function to incorporate both physical and data-driven components. …”
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A cutting-edge Wide-Band MIMO Antenna for Modern Wireless Applications by Sanjay Chouhan, Debendra Kumar Panda, Sarthak Singhal, Jitendra Yadav

“…The antenna under consideration is optimized to achieve the best MIMO performance parameters. …”
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Classification of Real-World Objects Using Supervised ML-Assisted Polarimetry: Cost/Benefit Analysis by Rui M. S. Pereira, Filipe Oliveira, Nazar Romanyshyn, Irene Estevez, Joel Borges, Stephane Clain, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy

“…Different sets of attributes are studied using an artificial neural network (ANN), which is optimized in terms of the number of hidden layers and the activation function. …”
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Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of ALIGN, a Randomized Controlled Study of Atrasentan in Patients With IgA Nephropathy by Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Meg Jardine, Donald E. Kohan, Richard A. Lafayette, Adeera Levin, Adrian Liew, Hong Zhang, Irene Noronha, Hernan Trimarchi, Fan Fan Hou, Ronny Renfurm, Todd Gray, Marianne Camargo, Jonathan Barratt

“…Atrasentan, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, has potential to reduce proteinuria and preserve kidney function in IgAN. ALIGN (NCT04573478) is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of atrasentan in patients with IgAN at high risk of kidney function loss. …”
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A predictive framework using advanced machine learning approaches for measuring and analyzing the impact of synthetic agrochemicals on human health by Sahezpreet Singh, Puneet Kaur, Inderdeep Kaur, Gurpreet Singh, Satinder Kaur, Parminder Kaur

“…Machine learning (ML) models such as Random Forest, LightGBM, and CatBoost were employed alongside feature selection methods like mutual information gain (MI) and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). A custom loss function is leveraged to accurately predict the mortality cases and avoid misclassifications by penalizing the false negatives. …”
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Renal Biopsy Pathological Tissue Segmentation: A Comprehensive Review and Experimental Analysis by Yan Liu, Taiping Wang, Xinxin He, Wei Wang, Qiang He, Juan Jin

“…A complete pipeline is proposed, encompassing data preprocessing, model training, and validation, including multi-scale feature extraction and optimized loss function configurations. Moreover, to enhance segmentation accuracy at tissue boundaries, this study introduces a novel boundary processing strategy, where boundaries are treated as a separate class and assigned higher weights. …”
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Effect of heat treatment on hardness of modified spring steel material by Maumela Mbavhalelo, Mkhonto Donald, Mathabathe M. N., Phasha Maje

“…A plastic deformation alters the structural integrity, resulting in a loss of spring functionality. Since hardness is one of required primary properties of spring steel, this study conducted several heat treatment designs to optimize hardness of altered spring steel material. …”
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Near-Infrared Electronically-Controlled Variable Attenuator for W-Band Frequency Range by Suren Gigoyan, Mohammad-Reza Nezhad-Ahmadi

“…The silicon image waveguide is seamlessly integrated with WR10 metallic rectangular waveguides at both input and output through optimized metallic fixtures. Its dimensions are tailored to support single-mode <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textrm {E}_{11}\textrm {y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> operation. …”
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Neutrophil-Mimetic oleanolic acid-loaded Liposomes targeted to alleviate oxidative stress for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury treatment by Qiaojing Chen, Daping Xiao, Yi Wang, Zheng Zhang, Xinlu Lin, Qing Ji, Yingmin Han, Lingan Yu, Jinglin Xu

“…Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical condition characterized by a sudden decline or loss of renal function, exacerbated by the lack of effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools. …”
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Robust Infrared–Visible Fusion Imaging with Decoupled Semantic Segmentation Network by Xuhui Zhang, Yunpeng Yin, Zhuowei Wang, Heng Wu, Lianglun Cheng, Aimin Yang, Genping Zhao

“…Additionally, we design a refined loss function that employs the decoupling network to constrain the pixel distributions in the fused images and produce more-natural fusion images. …”
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YOLOv8n-SSDW: A Lightweight and Accurate Model for Barnyard Grass Detection in Fields by Yan Sun, Hanrui Guo, Xiaoan Chen, Mengqi Li, Bing Fang, Yingli Cao

“…Additionally, the lightweight and efficient Dysample upsampling module was incorporated to enhance feature map resolution. A new WIoU loss function was developed to improve bounding box classification and regression accuracy. …”
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Generative Adversarial Network for Real‐Time Flash Drought Monitoring: A Deep Learning Study by Ehsan Foroumandi, Keyhan Gavahi, Hamid Moradkhani

“…The developed architecture in this study employs a Markovian discriminator, which emphasizes the spatial dependencies, with a modified U‐Net generator, tuned for optimal performance. To determine the best loss function for the generator, four different networks are developed with different loss functions, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), adversarial loss, a combination of adversarial loss with Mean Square Error (MSE), and a combination of adversarial loss with MAE. …”
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Trinocular Vision-Driven Robotic Fertilization: Enhanced YOLOv8n for Precision Mulberry Growth Synchronization by Ma Ming, Osama Elsherbiny, Jianmin Gao

“…These improvements included the introduction of the Asymptotic Feature Pyramid Network (AFPN), the optimization of feature extraction using the MSBlock module, the adoption of a dynamic ATSS label assignment strategy, and the replacement of the CIoU loss function with the Focal_XIoU loss function. …”
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A road lane detection approach based on reformer model by Dan Li, Zan Yang, Wei Nai, Yidan Xing, Ziyu Chen

“…By utilizing local sensitive hashing (LSH) attention mechanism, reversible Transformer structure and partitioning mechanism introduced in Reformer model, the high complexity of Transformer model can be overcome; and by configuring the Mish activation function and Huber loss function, the difficulties in network training and parameter optimization in Transformer model can also be solved. …”
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Exergy and energy-based sustainability evaluation of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends with emission forecasting using advanced machine learning models by Harish Venu, V. Dhana Raju, Jayashri N. Nair, Sameer Algburi, Ali E. Anqi, Ali A. Rajhi, Mohammed Kareemullah

“…Engine experiments were conducted using a structured design of experiments (DOE) approach, followed by thermodynamic analyses to evaluate key performance parameters, including exergy efficiency, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and sustainability index. To optimize fuel parameters, the Desirability Function Approach (DFA) integrated with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed. …”
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The pivotal role of inflammatory factors in glaucoma: a systematic review by Bin Lin, Bin Lin, Bin Lin, Bin Lin, Bin Lin, Bin Lin, Dongkan Li, Dongkan Li, Dongkan Li, Dongkan Li, Dongkan Li, Dongkan Li

“…Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, is becoming more prevalent with the aging population, burdening patients, families, and society. …”
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