Characterization of hydrogeological units and hydrodynamics of a section of the aquifer system in the city of Cartago, Costa Rica by Ramírez-Granados Pablo Ignacio

“…The results revealed that the aquifer system consists of a variety of materials, predominantly alluvial and laharic deposits, which function as aquifer hydrogeological units. These materials contain interspersed clay lenses, fine sands, and coarse sands, which collectively influence the formation of saturated zones, aquitards, and aquicludes. …”
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Comparing Reflectivity from Space-Based and Ground-Based Radars During Detection of Rainbands in Two Tropical Cyclones by Corene J. Matyas, Stephanie E. Zick, Kimberly M. Wood

“…This study utilizes the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) from the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) satellite to evaluate reflectivity obtained using four sampling methods of Weather Surveillance Radar 1988-Doppler data, including ground radars (GRs) in the GPM ground validation network and three mosaics, specifically the Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor System plus two we created by retaining the maximum value in each grid cell (MAX) and using a distance-weighted function (DW). We analyzed Hurricane Laura (2020), with a strong gradient in tangential winds, and Tropical Storm Isaias (2020), where more stratiform precipitation was present. …”
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See-Then-Grasp: Object Full 3D Reconstruction via Two-Stage Active Robotic Reconstruction Using Single Manipulator by Youngtaek Hong, Jonghyeon Kim, Geonho Cha, Eunwoo Kim, Kyungjae Lee

“…Our method optimizes the camera pose based on an uncertainty function, allowing it to identify the most uncertain regions in a short time. …”
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Deep crypt secretory cells shape region-specific mucin glycosylation patterns in the mouse colon. by Daisuke Sugahara, Hayato Kawakami, Yoshihiro Akimoto

“…Its region-specific glycosylation patterns are indispensable for adapting to distinct physiological and microbial environments along the colon, thus ensuring appropriate mucin layer function. However, the mechanisms underlying this region-specific glycosylation remain unknown. …”
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Residual-Based Implicit Neural Representation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by Dongshen Han, Chaoning Zhang

“…Image INRs utilize a neural network to learn a continuous function that takes pixel coordinates as input and outputs the corresponding pixel values. …”
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Linear perturbations of the Bloch type of space-periodic magnetohydrodynamic steady states. I. Mathematical preliminaries by Chertovskih R, Zheligovsky V

“…The three-dimensional space, where q resides, splits into a number of regions, inside which the growth rate is a smooth function of q. In preparation for a numerical study of the dominant (i.e., the largest over q) growth rates, we have derived expressions for the gradient of the growth rate in q and proven that, for parity-invariant flows and MHD steady states or when the respective eigenvalue of the stability operator is real, half-integer q (whose all components are integer or half-integer) are stationary points of the growth rate. …”
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On Explainability of Reinforcement Learning-Based Machine Learning Agents Trained with Proximal Policy Optimization That Utilizes Visual Sensor Data by Tomasz Hachaj, Marcin Piekarczyk

“…Our approach is based on the solid theoretical foundation of Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (GradCAM) and Classification and Regression Tree with additional proxy geometry heuristics. …”
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Improved Aerial Surface Floating Object Detection and Classification Recognition Algorithm Based on YOLOv8n by Lili Song, Haixin Deng, Jianfeng Han, Xiongwei Gao

“…The proposed algorithm introduces several key enhancements: (1) an enhanced HorBlock module to facilitate multi-gradient and multi-scale superposition, thereby intensifying critical floating object characteristics; (2) an optimized CBAM attention mechanism to mitigate background noise interference and substantially elevate detection accuracy; (3) the incorporation of a minor target recognition layer to augment the model’s capacity to discern floating objects of differing dimensions across various environments; and (4) the implementation of the WIoU loss function to enhance the model’s convergence rate and regression accuracy. …”
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YOLO-MARS: An Enhanced YOLOv8n for Small Object Detection in UAV Aerial Imagery by Guofeng Zhang, Yanfei Peng, Jincheng Li

“…Finally, a dynamic WIoU evaluation function is implemented, constructing adaptive penalty terms based on the spatial distribution characteristics of predicted and ground-truth bounding boxes, thereby optimizing the boundary localization accuracy of densely packed small targets from the UAV viewpoint. …”
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Optimizing Artificial Neural Network Learning Using Improved Reinforcement Learning in Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm by Taninnuch Lamjiak, Booncharoen Sirinaovakul, Siriwan Kornthongnimit, Jumpol Polvichai, Aysha Sohail

“…Heuristic search optimization methods are typically used to minimize the loss function in ANNs. However, these methods can lead the network to become stuck in local optima, limiting performance. …”
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Linearized MILP Model With Improved Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm for Dynamic and Efficient Active Distribution Network Planning by Jinlin Liao, Guilian Wu, Jia Lin

“…Then, by analyzing the distributed network planning objective function and constraints, a mixed integer linear planning (MILP) model for distributed networks is proposed. …”
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Study of chemical properties of hybrid nanofluid flow between two permeable disks with suspension of carbon nanotubes using Yamada Ota and Xue models by A. Naeem, Z. Abbas, M.Y. Rafiq

“…Analytical solutions for both accelerating and decelerating velocities are derived using the Jacobi elliptic sine-squared function. The velocity profiles follow a plane-Poiseuille parabolic law at low Reynolds numbers. …”
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A Novel Dynamic Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning Model for Automated Vehicles Based on Reinforcement Learning by Cenxin Yu, Anning Ni, Jing Luo, Jinghui Wang, Chunqin Zhang, Qinqin Chen, Yifeng Tu

“…To optimize its performance, a reward function is properly designed by combining safety, efficiency, gap, headway, and comfort features. …”
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DMN-YOLO: A Robust YOLOv11 Model for Detecting Apple Leaf Diseases in Complex Field Conditions by Lijun Gao, Hongwu Cao, Hua Zou, Huanhuan Wu

“…Additionally, a normalized Wasserstein distance (NWD) loss function is introduced to mitigate localization errors, particularly for small or overlapping lesions. …”
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Salinity Profiles in Coastal Aquifers: A Characterization Framework for Field Measurements by Xinran Huang, Adrian D. Werner, S. Cristina Solórzano‐Rivas, Amir Jazayeri

“…The adopted fitting function showed an excellent match (mean R2 = 0.99). …”
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GENERAL EQUATION OF THE HYDRAULIC FRICTION LAW FOR HINDERED FALLING OF AN INDIVIDUAL BALL AND FLUID MOTION IN GRANULAR LAYERS by M. V. Krautsov, A. M. Krautsov

“…At present, the basis for calculating techniques is the monomial Darcy formula defining the filtering rate as function of the hydraulic gradient with bringing in the filtration coefficient. …”
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Predicting filtration coefficient and formation damage coefficient for particle flow in porous media using machine learning by Xuejia Du, George K. Wong

“…An equation was formulated to estimate λ as a function of these three features. A direct prediction of β using these features was established by applying the XGBoost model to predict γ and then employing an existing power law relationship between β and γ. …”
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Identification of Cultural Landscapes and Spatial Distribution Characteristics in Traditional Villages of Three Gorges Reservoir Area by Jia Jiang, Zhiliang Yu, Ende Yang

“…Through field surveys, landscape feature assessments, GIS spatial analysis, and multi-source data analysis, we systematically analyse their cultural landscape type systems and spatial differentiation characteristics, and then reveal their cultural landscape types and spatial differentiation patterns. (1) The results of the study show that the spatial distribution of traditional villages exhibits significant altitude gradient differentiation—the low-altitude area is dominated by traffic and trade villages, the middle-altitude area is dominated by patriarchal manor villages and mountain farming villages, and the high-altitude area is dominated by ethno-cultural and ecologically dependent villages. (2) Slope and direction analyses further reveal that the gently sloping areas are conducive to the development of commercial and agricultural settlements, while the steeply sloping areas strengthen the function of ethnic and cultural defence. …”
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Optimizing Power Consumption in Aquaculture Cooling Systems: A Bayesian Optimization and XGBoost Approach Under Limited Data by Sina Ghaemi, Hessam Gholmohamadi, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, Birgitte Bak-Jensen

“…Based on this model, Bayesian Optimization with the Lower Confidence Bound (LCB) acquisition function is used to determine the optimal discharge temperature of water into breeding pools, minimizing day-ahead electricity costs. …”
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Mathematical model of data collection and processing for a recommendation system for forming an individualized educational program by O.H. Hlazunova, Y.Y. Ponzel

“…In the current implementation, ML.NET tools are used, which automate the process of matrix factorization and loss function minimization, simplifying the development and tuning of the model. …”
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