LPFFNet: Lightweight Prior Feature Fusion Network for SAR Ship Detection by Xiaozhen Ren, Peiyuan Zhou, Xiaqiong Fan, Chengguo Feng, Peng Li

“…In addition, the enhanced ghost convolution (EGConv) is used to generate more reliable gradient information. And finally, the detection performance is improved by focusing on difficult samples through a smooth weighted focus loss function (SWF Loss). …”
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Double Critics and Double Actors Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Mobile Robot Navigation Using Adaptive Parameter Space Noise and Parallel Experience Replay by Wenjie Hu, Ye Zhou, Hann Woei Ho, Chun Zhang

“…Furthermore, a novel and powerful target-oriented reward function is employed to boost learning efficiency. …”
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Ferromagnetism in Nitrogen Doped Magnesium Oxide: a First Principle Study by J.E. Lowther, V. Sharma

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Early Breast Cancer Prediction Using Thermal Images and Hybrid Feature Extraction-Based System by Doaa Youssef, Hanan Atef, Shaimaa Gamal, Jala El-Azab, Tawfik Ismail

“…The back end of the methodology uses support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) classification algorithms to establish the relationship between the retrieved feature vector and breast functionality. …”
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Data-driven insights into the electronic and thermoelectric properties of 1T-Li2O: A combined DFT and ML investigation by S. Chellaiya Thomas Rueshwin, R.D. Eithiraj

“…Specifically, to assess the electronic property, generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and hybrid exchange-correlation functionals were implemented. …”
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Radio frequency gradient enhanced diffusion-edited semi-solid state NMR spectroscopy for detailed structural characterization of chemically modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels by Peyman Sakhaii, Bojan Bohorc, Thomas Olpp, Mandy Mohnicke, Joerg Rieke-Zapp, Pradeep K. Dhal

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How Does Nature Create the Painting “Gradient Coloration of ‘Manicure Finger’ Grape”? Integrated Omics Unveil the Pigments Basis and Metabolism Networks of Its Formation by Shihan Bao, Jianing Li, Jiaqi Wang, Tian Lan, Mengyuan Wei, Xiangyu Sun, Yulin Fang, Tingting Ma

“…Here, based on integrated omics including anthocyanin, flavonoid metabolome, and transcriptome, the substances basis and metabolic mechanisms regulating gradient coloration were thoroughly resolved. In ‘Manicure Finger’, eight anthocyanins including malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were identified as color‐presenting substances, while flavones and flavonols, especially kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, functioned as co‐pigments. …”
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Consistent frontal-limbic-occipital connections in distinguishing treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia by Yijie Zhang, Shuzhan Gao, Chuang Liang, Juan Bustillo, Peter Kochunov, Jessica A. Turner, Vince D. Calhoun, Lei Wu, Zening Fu, Rongtao Jiang, Daoqiang Zhang, Jing Jiang, Fan Wu, Ting Peng, Xijia Xu, Shile Qi

“…Study design: 55 TR-SZs, 239 NTR-SZs, and 87 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Resting-state functional connection (FC) matrices were constructed from automated anatomical labeling (AAL), Yeo-Networks (YEO) and Brainnetome (BNA) atlases. …”
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Real‐Time Observation of Oxygen Diffusion in CGO Thin Films Using Spatially Resolved Isotope Exchange Raman Spectroscopy by Alexander Stangl, Nicolas Nuns, Caroline Pirovano, Kosova Kreka, Francesco Chiabrera, Albert Tarancón, Mónica Burriel

“…Therefore, access to the underlying constants of the functional materials via advanced but accessible and straightforward experimental techniques is key. …”
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Protist communities are correlated with abiotic soil factors, but not resources, prey, or predators along a subalpine secondary succession by Ajuan Zhang, Anton M. Potapov, Ruyi Luo, Yan Zhang, Wei Qiang, Bing Liu, Xueyong Pang

“…Protists are pivotal components of soil micro-food webs, influencing microbial functioning and nutrient cycling. While abiotic soil factors consistently drive protist communities, the roles of bottom-up (resources) and top-down (predators) forces remain understudied. …”
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Métodos de amostragem de solos em áreas sob plantio direto no Sudoeste Goiano Methods of soil sampling in areas under no-tillage in the Southwest Goiás by Nelson H. D. Acqua, Gilson P. Silva, Vinicius M. Benites, Renato L. de Assis, Gustavo A. Simon

“…The values of Ca, Mg, P, K, pH, CTC and V showed concentration gradient as a function of time of no tillage, superficial application of lime and fertilization in the planting rows. …”
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Optimization of Low-Loss, High-Birefringence, Single-Layer, Annular, Hollow, Anti-Resonant Fiber Using a Surrogate Model-Assisted Gradient Descent Method by Lihong Zhai, Sijie Zhang, Jiyang Luo, Gang Huang, Zihan Liu

“…This paper proposes a novel optimization method for hollow-core, anti-resonant fiber based on a gradient descent algorithm assisted via a radial basis-function surrogate model. …”
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Improving Sharpness-Aware Minimization Using Label Smoothing and Adaptive Adversarial Cross-Entropy Loss by Tanapat Ratchatorn, Masayuki Tanaka

“…However, SAM’s perturbation is based solely on the gradient of the standard cross-entropy loss. As the model approaches convergence, this gradient diminishes and oscillates, leading to inconsistent perturbation directions. …”
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Haemodynamic Patterns of Severe Aortic Stenosis by A. E. Komlev, M. A. Saidova, T. E. Imaev, V. N. Shitov, R. S. Akchurin

“…The authors suggest the pilot haemodynamic classification of AS which includes 6 types (0-5) based on different combination of the following variables: left ventricle ejection fraction, stroke volume, mean aortic systolic pressure gradient. Severe AS with low transaortic pressure gradient in patients with depressed systolic function of the left ventricle (so called «low flow-low» gradient phenomenon) is referred to as the most frequent, classical haemodynamic pattern of low-gradient AS. …”
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Optimization and Application of Fuzzy Neural Network by LI Hao-nan, LIU Yong

“…Ｒegular terms are added to the cost function to update the parameters，and the convergence speed of the fuzzy neural network is guaranteed． …”
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Efficient impact load identification method using empirical mode decomposition by LIU Ling, YANG Xiaoming, ZHANG Li

“…According to the positioning results, an optimization objective function was constructed. The time history of the impact load was fitted by using the Gaussian basis function, and the optimal fitting parameters were quickly solved by using the two-dimensional gradient descent method.Tests conducted on a cantilever plate with dimensions of 600 mm×200 mm×3 mm show that with only one accelerometer, the success rate of 36 impact positioning tests is 91.67%. …”
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A New Non Quadratic Model For Unconstrained Non Linear Optimization by Basim Hassan, Nidhal Al-Assady

“…A new non-quadratic model is proposed for solving unconstrained optimization problems, which modifies and develops the classical conjugate gradient methods. The technique has the same properties as the classical conjugate gradient method that can be applied to a quadratic function. …”
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High-Order Moment Models of Landmark Distribution for Local Homing Navigation by Changmin Lee, Daeeun Kim

“…The moment potential function calculates the sum of products of the feature and the distance of landmark particles as a holistic view, allowing a high order of the distance. …”
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Based on model randomization and adaptive defense for federated learning schemes by Gaofeng Yue, Xiaowei Han

“…MRC involves using a randomized discrete loss function in FL training to prevent gradient backward inference, enhancing model security. …”
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DFT Study of Intrinsic and Induced p-type Conductivity of ZnO Material by F. Marcillo, L. Villamagua, A. Stashans

“…Density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation including a Hubbard-like term was used in the present work to analyse p-type electrical conductivity as well as the switch of n-type  p-type conductivity in the ZnO materials. …”
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