A Modified Dai–Liao Conjugate Gradient Method Based on a Scalar Matrix Approximation of Hessian and Its Application by Branislav Ivanov, Gradimir V. Milovanović, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Aliyu Muhammed Awwal, Lev A. Kazakovtsev, Vladimir N. Krutikov

“…The global convergence of the modified Dai–Liao conjugate gradient method has been proved on the set of uniformly convex functions. …”
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Recurrent neural networks for aerodynamic parameter estimation with Lyapunov stability analysis by Sara Mohan George, S. S. Selvi, J. R. Raol

“…A novel methodology is introduced to establish the asymptotic stability of RNN-WB and RNN-Gradient methods, utilizing the normalized Lyapunov energy functional. …”
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Thermoelastic damping in piezothermoelastic nanobeam resonators under the strain gradient theory with micro-inertia and non-fourier heat conduction by Olha Hrytsyna, Maryan Hrytsyna

“…To account for small-scale effects, the Helmholtz free energy density is defined as a function of the strain tensor, strain gradient tensor, electric field vector, and temperature field, considering these parameters as independent state variables. …”
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Succession Characteristics of Soil Microbial Communities Along Elevational Gradients in the Lhasa River Basin and Analysis of Environmental Driving Factors by Xiaoyu Li, Xiangyang Sun, Baosheng An, Suyan Li, Jiule Li, Chuanfei Wang

“…Fungi are predominantly undefined saprotrophs, transitioning from ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic functions to saprotrophic functions at relatively high elevations.…”
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Floodplain land use gradients have a stronger effect on soil microbial enzyme activity than spatiotemporal variability by Rachael Harman‐Denhoed, Mary‐Cathrine Leewis, Hannah P. Lieberman, Grace McDougall‐Vick, Cynthia M. Kallenbach

“…Understanding controls on soil functional potential in floodplain ecosystems helps identify optimal land use practices in these biodiverse ecosystems often under threat from land use intensification. …”
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A live-cell biosensor of in vivo receptor tyrosine kinase activity reveals feedback regulation of a developmental gradient by Emily K. Ho, Rebecca P. Kim-Yip, Alison G. Simpkins, Payam E. Farahani, Harrison R. Oatman, Eszter Posfai, Stanislav Y. Shvartsman, Jared E. Toettcher

“…We build biosensors for three RTKs that function across developmental stages and tissues. By characterizing Torso::pYtag during embryonic terminal patterning, we find that Torso activity differs from downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity in two surprising ways: Torso activity is narrowly restricted to the poles but produces a broader gradient of ERK and decreases over developmental time, while ERK activity is sustained, an effect mediated by ERK pathway-dependent negative feedback. …”
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A Holistic Approach to Parasitoid–Host Interaction Along an Elevational Gradient Revealed Coevolution Driven by Host Foraging Strategy by Ľudmila Černecká, Radek Michalko, Jakub Sýkora, Peter Gajdoš, Pavol Purgat, Kamil Holý, Martina Dorková, Stanislav Korenko

“…We found significant variation in parasitoid distribution and parasitism rates along a 1500 m elevational gradient in central Europe. The optimal model showed a humped shape for the parasitism rate on an elevational gradient. …”
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Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Patients with Mitral Stenosis Before and After Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty Using Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocard... by Prasad M Renuka, Ritambhara Kagwade, Vijay B. Metgudmath, Sameer Ambar, Vishwanath Hesarur, Suhasini Atharga, Sanjay Porwal, Suresh Patted

“…Background: Severe mitral stenosis (MS) leads to impairment in right ventricular (RV) function. Quantification of the RV strain by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is an emerging diagnostic technique. …”
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Electrical Manipulation of Field‐Free Magnetization Switching Driven by Spin‐Orbit Torque in Amorphous Gradient‐Mn3Sn by Mingfang Zhang, Bin Cui, Taiyu An, Xue Ren, Weikang Liu, Xiangxiang Zhao, Hehe Ding, Zhiyu Zhang, Xu Zhang, Weijie Kuai, Guangjun Zhou, Bin Cheng, Liang Liu, Jifan Hu

“…The SOT efficiency of gradient‐Mn3Sn can be reversibly modulated by the ionic liquid gating based on the migration of hydrogen ions, which reverses the polarity of field‐free magnetization switching and allows the realization of 16 binary Boolean logic functions in a single device by pure electrical methods. …”
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Plume Particle Ejecta Can Trace Habitat-forming Gradients in Ocean Worlds: Insights from Planet Earth Geochemistry by Mustafa Yücel, Nimet Alımlı, Naim Yağız Demir, Hilal Cura

“…As metabolism needs metal clusters and nanoparticles, detecting them, disentangling how they form, and linking them to the functioning of Earth’s analog habitats can help us explore the life-supporting processes in ocean worlds like Europa and Enceladus. …”
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Variation in Benthic Macroinvertebrates Along aLongitudinal Gradient of a Disturbed Nyakambu Stream Kabale District Southwestern Uganda. by Byaruhanga, Benson

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Research on real-time monitoring method of mine personnel protective equipment with improved YOLOv8 by Lei ZHANG, Zhipeng SUN, Hongjing TAO, Shangkai HAO, Qianru YAN, Xiwei LI

“…Finally, WIoUv3 is used as the loss function of the model. By dynamically distributing gradient gain, Focus on ordinary anchor frame quality, In the process of model training, the harmful gradient generated by low quality anchor frame is reduced. …”
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Genetic Variance in Uncoupling Protein 2 in Relation to Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Related Metabolic Traits: Focus on the Functional −866G>A Promoter Variant (rs659366) by Louise T. Dalgaard

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Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Building Space in the Central Urban Area of Tianjin Based on Multi-Source Data Collaboration: 2021–2024 by Yicheng Zhang, Guorui Chen, Xue Yang

“…Key findings reveal: (a) The overall Point of Interest density in Tianjin increased by 127.2%, achieving further prosperity and development of the city; (b) The renewal of the central urban area exhibits characteristics of “edge aggregation and gradient diffusion”; (c) The historic urban area has reshaped its functional layout through micro-renewal and the relocation of industrial spaces, effectively balancing the conflict between preservation and development. …”
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Regionalization and Analysis of Precipitation Variations in Inner Mongolia by Wei Wang, Jiao Guo

“…Precipitation showed a spatial gradient with higher annual averages in the east (400.85 mm in subregion I) and lower averages in the west (90.65 mm in subregion VI). …”
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Differential effects of obesity and hypertension on brain structure and cognitive ability: A subgroup analysis from nested study by Sneha Ravichandran, Dilip Shettigar, Sathya Sabina Muthu, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Hari Prakash Palanisamy, K N Shivashankar, Baskaran Chandrasekaran, M G Ramesh Babu, K Vaishali, Winniecia Dkhar, Shruthi P Poovitha, Leena R. David, Shovan Saha, Krishna Yerraguntla, Suresh Sukumar

“…Background: Obesity and hypertension are widespread health issues associated with changes in brain structure and cognitive function, especially in individuals who lead sedentary lifestyles. …”
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Comparison of Univariate and Multivariate Applications of GBLUP and Artificial Neural Network for Genomic Prediction of Growth and Carcass Traits in the Brangus Heifer Population by Sunday O. Peters, Kadir Kızılkaya, Mahmut Sinecen, Milt G. Thomas

“…Univariate and multivariate genomic best linear unbiased prediction models based on the genomic relationship matrix and univariate and multivariate artificial neural networks models with 1 to 10 neurons, as well as the learning algorithms of Bayesian Regularization, Levenberg–Marquardt and Scaled Conjugate Gradient and transfer function combinations of tangent sigmoid–linear and linear–linear in the hidden-output layers, including the inputs from genomic relationship matrix, were created and applied for the analysis of growth and carcass data. …”
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Accommodative and binocular characteristics in myopes with age-related accommodation deficiency by Ruiyu Zhang, Yifei Yuan, Yu Zhang, Yueguo Chen

“…Near point of convergence (NPC) and the gradient accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio were also measured. …”
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Impact of doping and spin-polarization on the γ-Fe/Cr2O3 interfacial adhesion by Mingtai Zou, Wen Tong Geng, Wei Xu, Chenchong Wang

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Effect of hydrostatic pressure on opto-electronic, elastic and thermoelectric properties of the double perovskites Rb2SeX6(X=Cl,Br): a DFT study by A. A. Yahaya, W. A. Yahya, I. A. Rahmon

“…Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof for Solids (PBESol) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used as exchange-correlation functional. …”
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