Eutrophication promoted the change of macrophyte community from R strategy to C strategy in Lake Taihu by Qiduo Yang, Yanhui Liu, Hanhan Zhang, Qingya Gong, Ke Geng, Yaling Su, Kuanyi Li, Chunlei Yue, Baohua Guan

“…Functional traits effectively reflect plants’ ecological strategies in response to environmental changes. …”
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Investigation of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surfaces with graphene-reinforced AlSi10Mg powder: Design, fabrication and impact resistance by Mengyuan Hu, Xueqing Wu, Yangyang Xu, Xin Huang, Da Lu, Baoqing Pei

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A machine learning-based framework for predicting metabolic syndrome using serum liver function tests and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein by Bahareh Behkamal, Fatemeh Asgharian Rezae, Amin Mansoori, Rana Kolahi Ahari, Sobhan Mahmoudi Shamsabad, Mohammad Reza Esmaeilian, Gordon Ferns, Mohammad Reza Saberi, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

“…In this study, we implemented a machine learning (ML)-based predictive framework to identify MetS using serum liver function tests—Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Direct Bilirubin (BIL.D), Total Bilirubin (BIL.T)—and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). …”
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Distributed quantile regression over sensor networks via the primal–dual hybrid gradient algorithm by Zheng Qin, Zhaoting Liu

“…QR solves a non-smooth optimization problem characterized by a piecewise linear loss function, commonly known as the check function. We reformulate this non-smooth optimization problem as the task of finding a saddle point of a convex–concave objective and develop a distributed primal–dual hybrid gradient (dPDHG) algorithm for this purpose. …”
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Selective laser melting fabrication of functionally graded macro-porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffold for cavity bone defect reconstruction by Zhuangzhuang Li, Zhuangzhuang Li, Yi Luo, Yi Luo, Ruicheng Liu, Shanfang Zou, Yitian Wang, Yitian Wang, Taojun Gong, Taojun Gong, Xuanhong He, Xuanhong He, Yong Zhou, Yong Zhou, Minxun Lu, Minxun Lu, Li Min, Li Min, Chongqi Tu, Chongqi Tu

“…This study developed a functionally graded macro-porous scaffold (FGMPS) using selective laser melting (SLM) for cavitary bone defect reconstruction. …”
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Students’ understanding of two-variable calculus concepts in mathematics and physics contexts. II. The gradient and the Laplacian by Maria Al Dehaybes, Johan Deprez, Paul van Kampen, Mieke De Cock

“…Given the importance of the gradient and the Laplacian in the heat equation, as well as fluency and flexibility in using multiple external representations, this study investigates students’ reasoning about the gradient and the Laplacian of a function within different function representations in mathematics and physics contexts. …”
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Federated stochastic gradient averaging ring homomorphism based learning for secure data aggregation in WSN by Saravanakumar Pichumani, T. V. P. Sundararajan, S. M. Ramesh

“…Following which fine tune weights are generated using Stochastic Gradient Averaging function. Finally, a Federated Learning environment with heterogeneous sensor nodes positioned across the network is considered for performing secure data aggregation. …”
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An Analytic Policy Gradient-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Motion Cueing Algorithm for Driving Simulators by Xiaowei Huang, Xuhua Shi, Peiyao Wang, Hongzan Xu, Xiaojun Tang, Gaoran Zhang

“…First, transform the complex simulator environment into a differentiable simulator environment that provides gradient information at each time step and use this gradient information to directly update the control policy. …”
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A visual generalization gradient of conceptual stimuli based on fear acquisition in visual and auditory modalities by Xin Liu, Benjamin Becker, Ya Jie Wang, Ying Mei, Haoran Dou, Yi Lei

“…Measures included US expectancy ratings, skin conductance responses (SCR), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Results showed successful fear acquisition in both groups, with significantly higher US expectancy ratings, SCR, and mPFC HbO activity for CS+ compared to CS−. …”
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Quantitative Characterization of Corneal Collagen Architecture Using Intensity Gradient Modeling and Gaussian PDF Fitting by Enrique J. Fernandez, Juan M. Bueno

“…A novel quantitative technique to analyze corneal collagen organization, based on intensity gradient modeling and probability density function (PDF) fitting, is proposed. …”
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Refrigerant Circuitry Optimization for Heat Pump Finned-tube Evaporators with Integer Gradient Descent Algorithm by Zhang Hao, Hou Zefei, Li Xingdang, Fan Chaochao, Yan Gang, Chu Wenxiao, Wang Qiuwang

“…Subsequently, evaporator entropy generation was selected as the cost function, and an integer gradient descent algorithm was applied to minimize the evaporator entropy generation. …”
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Role of Climate and Edaphic Factors on the Community Composition of Biocrusts Along an Elevation Gradient in the High Arctic by Isabel Mas Martinez, Ekaterina Pushkareva, Leonie Agnes Keilholz, Karl-Heinz Linne von Berg, Ulf Karsten, Sandra Kammann, Burkhard Becker

“…Our findings highlight the impact of environmental gradients on microbial diversity and the functional dynamics of biocrusts, emphasizing their critical role in Arctic tundra ecosystems. …”
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Magnetic Field Distribution and Signal Decay in Functional MRI in Very High Fields (up to 9.4 T) Using Monte Carlo Diffusion Modeling by Bernd Michael Mueller-Bierl, Kamil Uludag, Philippe L. Pereira, Fritz Schick

“…Extravascular signal decay rate R2 or R2∗ as a function of blood oxygenation, geometry, and field strength was calculated using a Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for a wider parameter range than hitherto by others. …”
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Effect of settling time, velocity gradient, and camp number on turbidity removal for oilfield produced water by Thamer J. Mohammed, Eman Shakir

“…This paper studies the effect of settling time, velocity gradient, and camp number on turbidity removal for oilfield produced water from Degasing station1 (DS1)/North Rumaila oilfield/Southern Oil Company in Basrah Province/Iraq during 2013. …”
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Engineering growth factor gradients to drive spatiotemporal tissue patterning in organ-on-a-chip systems by Timothy Hopkins, Swati Midha, Simon Grossemy, Hazel R. C. Screen, Angus K. T. Wann, Martin M. Knight

“…Spatial heterogeneity plays a key role in the development and function of human tissues and therefore needs to be incorporated within in vitro models to maximise physiological relevance and predictive power. …”
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Effect of a Band-Gap Gradient on the Radiative Losses in the Open-Circuit Voltage of Solar Cells by Sevan Gharabeiki, Francesco Lodola, Tilly Schaaf, Taowen Wang, Michele Melchiorre, Nathalie Valle, Jérémy Niclout, Manha Ali, Yucheng Hu, Gunnar Kusch, Rachel A. Oliver, Susanne Siebentritt

“…The radiative open-circuit voltage loss in a solar cell occurs because the absorptance spectrum near the band gap shows a gradual increase rather than a sharp step-function-like transition. This broadening effect has been attributed to band-gap fluctuations and/or to Urbach tails. …”
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A Gradient Boosting Crash Prediction Approach for Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Crash Analysis by Pan Lu, Zijian Zheng, Yihao Ren, Xiaoyi Zhou, Amin Keramati, Denver Tolliver, Ying Huang

“…In this study, to fully understand the model performance on HRGC accident prediction performance, the GB model with functional gradient descent algorithm is selected to analyze crashes at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) and to identify contributor factors. …”
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New unloading criterion for enhancing multi-stage triaxial tests based on radial strain gradient by Guodong Jin, Shujath Ali Syed, Héctor José González-Pérez, Hyung Tae Kwak, Ali Abdullah Yousef, Ali Abdullah Al Dhamen

“…This paper presents a new criterion for determining the unloading points quantitatively and consistently in a multi-stage triaxial test. The radial strain gradient (RSG) is first introduced as an arc tangent function of the rate of change of radial strain to time. …”
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Diagnostic potential of salivary microbiota in persistent pulmonary nodules: identifying biomarkers and functional pathways using 16S rRNA sequencing and machine learning by Xiao Zeng, Qiong Ma, Chun-Xia Huang, Jun-Jie Xiao, Xi Fu, Yi-Feng Ren, Yu-Li Qu, Hong-Xia Xiang, Mao Lei, Ru-Yi Zheng, Yang Zhong, Ping Xiao, Xiang Zhuang, Feng-Ming You, Jia-Wei He

“…Abstract Background The aim of this study was to explore the microbial variations and biomarkers in the oral environment of patients with persistent pulmonary nodules (pPNs) and to reveal the potential biological functions of the salivary microbiota in pPNs. Materials and methods This study included a total of 483 participants (141 healthy controls and 342 patients with pPNs) from June 2022 and January 2024. …”
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Enhancing corrosion resistance of Al alloy sheets with potential gradient by arc-sprayed Zn coatings by Zhipeng Yuan, Yuanlong Jiang, Yifan Lu, Keyuan Zhang, Huanjian Xie, Zenglei Ni, Liang Huang, Jia Liu, Xingxing Wang, Jin Peng, Zicheng Ling, Jianjun Shi, Peng He

“…To improve the corrosion resistance and wide the application of Al alloy sheet in the engineering production, a corrosion potential gradient along the thickness of the Al alloy sheet was fabricated using the sprayed Zn layer. …”
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