Sample Augmentation Using Enhanced Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network by Transformer for Railway Freight Train Wheelset Bearing Fault Diagnosis by Jing Zhao, Junfeng Li, Zonghao Yuan, Tianming Mu, Zengqiang Ma, Suyan Liu

“…Finally, the Wasserstein distance is employed in the loss function to mitigate mode collapse and vanishing gradients. …”
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Scale Analysis of Blocking Events from 2002 to 2004: A Case Study of an Unusually Persistent Blocking Event Leading to a Heat Wave in the Gulf of Alaska during August 2004 by H. Athar, Anthony R. Lupo

“…These quantities are area integrated enstrophy, and the maximum value of stream function gradients within the block region. The analysis of a prolonged block occurring in the Gulf of Alaska during August 2004 shows the planetary-scale is unstable during block onset and then stabilizes during the mature stage. …”
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Private Data Protection with Machine Unlearning in Contrastive Learning Networks by Kongyang Chen, Zixin Wang, Bing Mi

“…A comprehensive loss function is designed, encompassing three objectives: preserving model accuracy, constraining gradients to make forgotten and third-party data indistinguishable, and reducing model confidence on the third-party dataset. …”
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Effect of Heating Rate on the Dynamic Compressive Properties of Granite by Ronghua Shu, Tubing Yin, Xibing Li

“…Variation in the heating rate due to different geothermal gradients is a cause of much concern in underground rock engineering such as deep sea and underground tunnels, nuclear waste disposal, and deep mining. …”
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Molecular Dynamics Study of Hydrogen on Alkali-Earth Metal Cations Exchanged X Zeolites by Du Xiaoming

“…Moreover, the effect of concentration of molecular hydrogen on self-diffusion coefficient also is analyzed using radial distribution function (RDF).…”
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Rupture of Renal Transplant by Shona Baker, Maria Popescu, Jacob A. Akoh

“…Possible ways of avoiding allograft rupture include use of well-matched, good quality kidneys; reducing or managing risk factors that would predispose to delayed graft function; ensuring a technically satisfactory transplant procedure with short cold and warm ischemia times; and avoiding large donor-recipient age gradients.…”
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Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores by Saroj Shrestha

“…Sub-threshold habitats can function as ecological traps, silently undermining translocation, reproduction, and survival even in structurally intact forests. …”
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Modeling and Control of 2D Grasping under Rolling Contact Constraints between Arbitrary Shapes: A Riemannian-Geometry Approach by Suguru Arimoto, Morio Yoshida

“…An extension of the Dirichlet-Lagrange stability theorem to a system of DOF-redundancy under constraints is discussed by introducing a Morse-Bott function and deriving its Hessian, in a special case that the object to be grasped is a parallelepiped.…”
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Implementation of a Breast Phantom with Acoustic Properties for Ultrasonic Thermometry by Ruth Valeria Acero Mendoza, Ivonne Bazán, Alfredo Ramírez-García

“…Signal variations were analyzed using cross-correlation methods to assess the changes in the speed of sound as a function of temperature. The proposed methodology offers a cost-effective, rapid, and precise approach to phantom production, facilitating the detection of temperature changes in 0.5 °C intervals through cross-correlation analysis of the acquired signals.…”
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Bistable dynamics underlying excitability of ion homeostasis in neuron models. by Niklas Hübel, Eckehard Schöll, Markus A Dahlem

“…However, these gradients can temporarily nearly vanish in neurological diseases, such as migraine and stroke, and in traumatic brain injury from concussions to severe injuries. …”
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An artificial intelligence approach to palaeogeographic studies: a case study of the Late Ordovician brachiopods of Laurentia by Akbar Sohrabi

“…In order to measure the reliability of the neural network model, the mean square error performance function was used. For training the neural network model, the Bayesian training function (trainbr) was used. …”
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Modulation of motor excitability reflects traveling waves of neural oscillations by Zachary J. Haigh, Harry Tran, Taylor Berger, Sina Shirinpour, Ivan Alekseichuk, Seth Koenig, Jan Zimmermann, Robert McGovern, David Darrow, Alexander Herman, Miles Wischnewski, Alexander Opitz

“…Summary: Neural traveling waves represent an important endogenous phenomenon with structural and functional relevance in the human brain. These waves, commonly recorded via electroencephalogram (EEG) or electrocorticography (ECoG), are implicated in a range of brain processes. …”
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Communities of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the Steppe of Mongolia by Purevdorj Jargalsaikhan, Gombo Altangerel, Tojoo Enkhbayar, Tsedev Enkhchimeg, Batmunkh Dulguun, Badamdorj Bayartogtokh

“…We found 15 species of dung beetles belonging to three families and representing two functional guilds, namely paracoprids and endocoprids. …”
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Trigonometric Bézier-based isogeometric engineering analysis for heat conduction in curvilinear ducts by Mohd Naufal Zainal Abidin, Md Yushalify Misro

“…Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) offers an alternative by integrating design and analysis through the use of spline-based basis functions. While IGA commonly employs NURBS or Bernstein-Bézier functions, this study introduces a Trigonometric Bézier basis function within the FEM framework to solve a heat conduction problem in a 2D curvilinear duct. …”
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Preclinical tumor control with a laser-accelerated high-energy electron radiotherapy prototype by Zhiyuan Guo, Shuang Liu, Bing Zhou, Junqi Liu, Haiyang Wang, Yifei Pi, Xiaoyan Wang, Yingyi Mo, Bo Guo, Jianfei Hua, Yang Wan, Wei Lu

“…One promising approach to compactly delivering these high energy electron beams in a cost-effective manner is laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), which offers ultra-strong accelerating gradients. However, the transition from this concept to a functional machine intended for tumor treatment remains elusive. …”
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Transcriptomic analysis of maize leaves under different irrigation treatments in field conditions by Yuan-Xin Li, Ru-Zhi Li, Jing Yang, Zhi-Wei Wang, Xiao-Guang Li, Hou-Zhen Yi, Xin-Ping Guo, Hang Zhou, Kai-Hua Jia, Peng-Fei Chu

“…Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses highlighted functional categories associated with water response, cellular metabolism, and growth regulation. …”
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A hydro-economic model for water level fluctuations: combining limnology with economics for sustainable development of hydropower. by Philipp Emanuel Hirsch, Sebastian Schillinger, Hannes Weigt, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm

“…The seasonality of flooding or beaching of the littoral area affects nutrient cycling, redox gradients in sediments, and life cycles of aquatic organisms. …”
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Campus risk detection using the S-YOLOv10-SIC network and a self-calibrated illumination algorithm by Qiang Zhao, Sha Liu, Shihao Zhang, Baijuan Wang

“…The algorithm optimizes the loss function by introducing an auxiliary bounding box, and accelerates model convergence. …”
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Extraction of implicit field cost via inverse optimal Schrödinger bridge by Koshi Oishi, Yota Hashizume, Tomoki Nakao, Kenji Kashima

“…Although the optimal transport problem has been studied extensively with respect to its objective function and transport plan, research on the inverse problem remains scarce. …”
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Flexoelectricity in Biological Materials and Its Potential Applications in Biomedical Research by Melika Mohammadkhah, Vukasin Slavkovic, Sandra Klinge

“…Flexoelectricity arises in materials under strain gradients, which can be particularly significant for situations in which the existence of other electromechanical properties is absent or generating large flexoelectric properties is achievable. …”
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