Assessment of Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) Based on Different Definitions in the Early COPD Cohort by Dai C, Tang G, Yang H, Wu F, Deng Z, Zheng Y, Zhao N, Lu L, Wan Q, Wang Z, Peng J, Wu X, Zhou K, Cai G, Xiao S, Wen X, Yang C, Chen S, Yu S, Sun R, Zhou Y, Ran P

“…However, definitions for PRISm vary across studies, and researches comparing these definitions are limited.Objective: We aim to assess the agreement, the clinical features, and the prevalence of PRISm defined by restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) method [that is forced vital capacity (FVC) method] versus forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) method and by fixed values versus the lower limit of normal (LLN).Methods: All 1862 participants from the ECOPD study underwent questionnaire investigation, spirometry, biphasic CT, and impulse oscillometry. …”
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Expression of Astragalus membranaceus phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene in Pichia pastoris by Zhang Jianhui, Wang Shoufeng

“…However, unlike other vectors, pPIC9K has few desirable restriction enzyme cutting sites, which reduces vector construction efficiency when the classical method of digestion and then ligation is adopted. …”
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Compression of 3D Optical Encryption Using Singular Value Decomposition by Kyungtae Park, Min-Chul Lee, Myungjin Cho

“…As a result, the proposed method enhances the visual quality, compression ratio, and security of DRPE simultaneously. …”
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Digital Signal Processing for The Development of Deep Learning-Based Speech Recognition Technology by Dita Novita Sari, Danang Kusnadi, Ricco Herdiyan Saputra, Mujeeb Ullah Khan

“…Given the increasing demand for accurate and efficient speech recognition systems, digital signal processing techniques are essential. The research method used is an experimental method with a quantitative approach. …”
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Automatic Receiver Function Picking Using Fuzzy C‐Means Clustering by Neng Xiong, Fenglin Niu, Hongrui Qiu, Yuyan Liu, Wenpei Miao

“…Using these selected features, we have developed a fuzzy clustering‐based method to automate the classification of RFs into good or bad quality. …”
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Supply–demand price decoupling in European-type day-ahead electricity markets by Anita Varga, Botond Feczkó, Marianna E.-Nagy, Dávid Csercsik

“…We also study the computational demand of the proposed method.…”
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Research on Economic Scheduling of ES Peak and Frequency Regulation Based on Dynamic Peak-Valley Time Division by Yali WANG, Ze YE, Jiyuan HUANG, Wen WEI, Shuangfeng DAI, Bingyu ZHANG

“…In order to effectively utilize energy storage (ES) devices and improve the accuracy of ES’s switching between multi-application scenarios, this paper proposes a peak-valley time division method based on equal capacity after analyzing ES’s multi-application scenarios and tries to improve the peak-valley time division. …”
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COMPLEX MONITORING OF SALMON SPAWNERS ESCAPEMENT TO THE KAMCHATKA RIVER IN REAL TIME REGIME by E. S. Fadeev, E. A. Shevlyakov, M. G. Feldman

“…Complex method of quick quantitative evaluation of the spawners escapement to the Kamchatka River is developed for pacific salmons on the base of analysis of their passing dynamics through certain parts of the river (main stream, tributaries, spawning grounds). …”
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Confocal laser scanning microscopy for the diagnosis of dysplastic nevus of the skin by A. V. Sokolova, N. P. Malishevskaya

“…In recent years, the method of confocal microscopy has been used for noninvasive skin examination. …”
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Hybrid subnet-based node failure recovery formal procedure in wireless sensor and actor networks by Hamra Afzaal, Nazir Ahmad Zafar, Fahad Alhumaidan

“…The formal specification is analyzed using Vienna Development Method—specification language Toolbox to visualize the model.…”
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Computational Issues in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Creating Bifurcation Diagrams of Lyapunov Exponents Using a Novel Adaptive Approach by Maciej Walczak, Wieslaw Marszalek

“…The advantage of using the newly design adaptive method to improve the procedure of the Lyapunov exponents computation is illustrated through a series of numerical examples. …”
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Understanding temperature-rain data using ID3 based concept reduction technique in FCA by S. Usharani, S. Kaspar

“…The definitive classification of mean temperature and heaviest rainy days depends on the weather changes that occur seasonwise during any year. In reality, visualizing the effects of climatic changes such as temperature in the rain-yield during over a period of years is very difficult and there is no method or tool to help us in this aspect. …”
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AGASI: A Generative Adversarial Network-Based Approach to Strengthening Adversarial Image Steganography by Haiju Fan, Changyuan Jin, Ming Li

“…Compared to images with the same visual quality, our method increased the misclassification rate by 23.31%.…”
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Quand la personne âgée atteinte de démence est un être capable by Fabienne Malbois, Anne Jetzer, Alexandre Lambelet

“…Driven by the ideal of autonomy, these institutions have adopted a psychogeriatric intervention method based on the Montessori method of education that promotes a new « form of coordination » in the care relationship. …”
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The effects of human resource flexibility on human resources development by SeidMehdi Veise, Alireza Gholami, Leila Hassanaki, Hassan Rahimi Pardejani, Alireza khairi

“…The statistical population included one hundred employees of the Electric Company in Ilam province, thus census method was used. Reliability of the questionnaire was measured via Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.96. …”
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Forecasting Chinese Carbon Emissions from Fossil Energy Based on the Fractional Order Cumulative Multivariate Grey Model by Yunxin Zhang, Huan Guo, Xin Xiong

“…To reflect the interaction between Chinese carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption and economic growth, this paper constructed the fractional order cumulative multivariate gray model with equal-dimensional recursive optimization (EFMGM(1,2)) to predict the trend of carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption and constant price GDP in China and calculated the carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption according to the IPCC accounting method. …”
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Renewed empirical formulas for estimating Weibull distribution parameters by D.G. Asatryan

“…The empirical formulas proposed in the literature for estimating the parameters of a two-parameter Weibull distribution, obtained using the equations of the moment method, are considered. It is noted that the formulas used to estimate the shape parameter take the form of various types of dependences on the coefficient of variation of the distribution. …”
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The Big Improvement in PISA 2009 Reading Achievements in Serbia: Improvement of the Quality of Education or Something Else? by Dragica Pavlović Babić, Aleksandar Baucal

“…The analysis shows that the largest part of the improvement was realised at lower achieving levels, suggesting that the dominant method of teaching in schools is a traditional method oriented towards the acquisition and reproduction of academic knowledge. …”
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Properties of acoustic barriers in a field of reflected waves by Stefan CZARNECKI, Ewa KOTARBIŃSKA

“…Hence, the mirror method was used which constitutes an extension of the image source method by the mirror representation of all diffracting and absorbing surfaces. …”
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Preservation and maintenance of wood-based structures of historic buildings: A systematic literature review on structural recovery techniques by Pedro Ignácio Lima Gadêlha Jardim, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, Victor Almeida de Araújo, Tulio Hallak Panzera, André Luis Christoforo

“…The results show that: reinforcements with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), even at low ratios, consistently improved load capacity and stiffness; steel-based reinforcements showed higher variability in performance; visual inspection remains the most common diagnostic method, despite its limitations; replacement of original elements is sometimes inevitable, but strategies that preserve visual and material continuity are preferred.…”
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