Orchard variable-rate spraying method integrating GNSS and wind-excited audio-conducted leaf area density by Hangxing Zhao, Hangxing Zhao, Hangxing Zhao, Shenghui Yang, Shenghui Yang, Shenghui Yang, Wenwei Li, Wenwei Li, Han Feng, Han Feng, Shijie Jiang, Shijie Jiang, Weihong Liu, Weihong Liu, Jingbin Li, Yongjun Zheng, Yongjun Zheng, Songchao Zhang

“…As a result, few fully functional variable-rate spraying systems have been developed based on this parameter.MethodsThis study presents a variable-rate spraying method that integrates global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning with wind-excited audio-conducted estimation of canopy leaf area density. …”
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A Novel Attitude-Variable High Acceleration Motion Planning Method for the Pallet-Type Airport Baggage Handling Robot by Xuhao Wang, Jinwang Liu, Wei Zhang

“…Pallet-type end-effectors robots are widely used for airport baggage handling, because of their better adaptability to different types of baggage. A novel attitude-variable high acceleration motion planning method is presented for improving the handling efficiency, which is to move a pallet with non-fixed baggage as fast as possible under a given path, such that the baggage does not slip at any time. …”
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The impacts of different eyes, individual differences, and different time points in healthy rats on the variability of visual electrophysiological examination indicators by Hong Chen, Yu Cheng, Ke Diao, YiFan Wang, Jing An, Haijiang Zhang, RongRong Li, Dan Zhang, SuMian Cheng, Minglian Zhang, LiFei Wang

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Optimal tacrolimus levels for reducing CKD risk and the impact of intrapatient variability on CKD and ESRD development following liver transplantation by Soon Kyu Lee, Ho Joong Choi, Young Kyoung You, Pil Soo Sung, Seung Kew Yoon, Jeong Won Jang, Jong Young Choi

“…The tacrolimus doses and levels were recorded every 3 months, and the IPV was calculated using the coefficient of variability. The cumulative incidence rates of CKD and ESRD were calculated based on baseline kidney function at the time of LT. …”
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Investigation of thermal properties of ethylene glycol-based Williamson hybrid-nanofluid over stretchable/shrinking flat plate and their effects on solar panels by L.O. Aselebe, A.T. Adeosun, K.B. Kasali, B.M. Yisa, K.A. Salaudeen, R.O. Adesina

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Variable Dose-Constraints Method Based on Multiplicative Dynamical Systems for High-Precision Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Planning by Omar M. Abou Al-Ola, Takeshi Kojima, Ryosei Nakada, Norihisa Obata, Kohei Hayashi, Tetsuya Yoshinaga

“…In our previous work, we proposed a dynamical systems-based approach in which dose constraints, along with beam coefficients, are treated as state variables and dynamically evolve within a continuous-time system. …”
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A Variable Selection Method Based on Fast Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Qualitative Discrimination of Near Infrared Spectroscopy by Hubin Liu, Na Liu, Yuhui Yuan, Cihai Zhang, Longlian Zhao, Junhui Li

“…The method had two objective functions: (1) maximizing the sum of ratios of interclass variance to intraclass variance, (2) minimizing the sum of correlation coefficients between the selected variables. …”
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Analysis of entropy generation in tri-hybrid nanofluid flow towards a spinning disk under the influence of hall effect and variable viscosity by Moh Yaseen, Ritu Bartwal, Anum Shafiq, Sawan Kumar Rawat, Qasem M. Al-Mdallal, Umesh Khanduri, Tabassum Naz Sindhu

“…This paper examines the combined effects of Hall effect, thermal radiation and variable viscosity on the unsteady flow near a stagnation point over a rotating disk. …”
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Axisymmetric Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Circular Plates by Yang Li, Yang Gao

“…The finite Hankel transform is utilized to obtain an ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. By virtue of the proposed exponential law model, we have ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. …”
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The Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation, Riccati Equation, and Airy Functions by Nathan A. Lanfear, Sergei K. Suslov

“…Particular solutions of the corresponding nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are also found. A special case of the quantum parametric oscillator is studied in detail first. …”
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Numerical analysis and experimental study of two-phase flow pattern and pressure drop characteristics in internally microfin tubes by Jingzhi Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Bo Zhang, Naixiang Zhou, Li Lei, Bangming Li

“…When the helix angle is 18°, friction resistance factor in the liquid column region is the minimum of 0.04. …”
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Triple mass diffusion phenomenon in tangent hyperbolic fluid with variable thickness, Soret, and Dufour theory: Galerkin finite element method by Umar Nazir, Muhammad Sohail, Hashem Alyami, Masoud Alajmi, Jihad Younis, Hamad Almujibah

“…It is included that the velocity fields are decreasing function with increments of We, NR, and m but increasing function vs velocity fields and buoyancy ratios for salt 1 and 2 are investigated. …”
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Vibration under variable magnitude moving distributed masses of non-uniform Bernoulli-Euler beam resting on Pasternak elastic foundation by T. O. Awodola, S. A. Jimoh, B. B. Awe

“…In order to obtain the solution, a technique based on the method of Galerkin with the series representation of Heaviside function is first used to reduce the equation to second order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. …”
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Assessment of Pedotransfer Functions for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Anatolian Soils by Gülay Karahan

“…However, it has been frequently reported that measurement of Ksat is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive due to its high spatial variability and this has motivated researchers to develop indirect methods such as pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for developing Ksat-database in regional and national scales. …”
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Functional Correlates of Action Observation of Gait in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease by Giulia Bommarito, Martina Putzolu, Laura Avanzino, Carola Cosentino, Alessandro Botta, Roberta Marchese, Matilde Inglese, Elisa Pelosin

“…Differences between patients with PD (FOG+ and FOG-) and HS were assessed at the level of behavioral and functional analysis. Results. Gait parameters, including gait velocity, stride length, and their coefficients of variability (CV), were different in PD patients compared to HS, whereas gait performance was similar between FOG+ and FOG-. …”
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Functional analysis of school refusal: An exploratory study in the Indian context by Arun Singh Yadav, Kiragasur Madegowda Rajendra, Lakshmi Sravanti, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Shekhar Seshadri, Satish Chandra Girimaji

“…The association between school refusal and these variables was examined using Cramer’s V coefficient. …”
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Glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a case-control study by Yueqiu Wang, Jing Liu, Yaoqin Yang, Qiong Wang, Yiqiong Sun, Ruiting Shen, Mingchen Zhang

“…HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices were used to assess insulin resistance and islet β-cell function. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was graded using the FIB-4 score. …”
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Functional capacity of patients with coronary artery disease at middle age by Khalida Alwan Mansour, Ali Kathum Jassem

“… Objectives: The study aims to identify the functional capacity for patients with coronary artery disease at middle age, and to find out the significant relation between functional capacity domains with variables patients gender, age, marital status, level of education, and income. …”
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The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders by VERONIKA ILJINAITĖ, LAIMONAS ŠIUPŠINSKAS, KRISTINA BERŠKIENĖ

“…Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p\<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables…”
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High Variability in Human Sperm Membrane Potential over Time Can Limit Its Reliability as a Predictor in ART Outcomes by Tomás J. Steeman, Carolina Baro Graf, Analia G. Novero, Mariano G. Buffone, Dario Krapf

“…Intra-donor <i>E</i>m variability and coefficients of variation (CV) were analyzed statistically. …”
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