Comparative Analysis of Radar Echo Characteristics of An Extreme Hail Storm Process in East China by Xingzhi TANG, Xiaoding YU, yao YAO, Jinlan WANG

“…From June 14 to the early morning of June 15， 2005， affected by the northeast cold vortex， a hail weather process rarely seen in history occurred in Shandong， northwest Jiangsu and northeast Anhui.The maximum hail diameter was 15~18 cm.Based on the new generation doppler weather radar data of 08:00 （Beijing time） from June 14 to 15， 2005， this paper compares and analyzes the radar echo characteristics of extreme hail in Shuyang， Jiangsu， Siyang and Guzhen， Anhui.Results showed that： （1） The extreme hail process in the three regions is caused by different supercells， due to the strong environmental CAPE， deep vertical wind shear and low-level relative storm helicity， the three supercells formed successively and all had strong and mosocyclones.The interaction between strong and mosocyclones and the environment leads to an upward disturbance of the pressure gradient force， which greatly increases the updraft intensity of the supercell and strong development itself.（2）The radar echo shows that the supercell causing extreme hail in the three places has high echo starting height and strong echo intensity.The maximum reflectivity factor is more than 70 dBZ， and the strong echo lasted more than 3 hours.The maximum height of 60 dBZ is higher than 11 km.In comparison， Shuyang supercell has the longest duration； Siyang supercell has the largest echo intensity； The Guzhen supercell hailstorm has the highest vertical expansion height of reflectivity factor above 60 dBZ.Preliminary clues are obtained from the above three supercell hailstorm examples： when the maximum reflectivity factor exceeds 68 dBZ and the echo expansion height of 60 dBZ is above 10 km， it indicates that extreme hail appears.（3）The bounded weak echo area （BWER） or weak echo area （WER） and the overhangs of echoes above it are the typical hailstorm structure of a supercell storm.The Siyang hailstorm showed WER and broad echo overhang， while the Shuyang and Guzhen hailstorms showed BWER and broad echo overhang.The continuous increase of mesocyclone shear value in Guzhen hailstorm is accompanied by the strong development of hailstorm.（4）The vertical integration of liquid water content （VIL） based on cells is abnormally high， reaching 88 kg·m-2， 102 kg·m-2 and 89 kg·m-2 respectively， far exceeding the VIL threshold of 65 kg·m-2 corresponding to large hail in June.The Guzhen hailstorm showed a strong storm top divergence， and the divergence velocity difference was as high as 80 m·s-1（5） There are three-body scattering spike （TBSS） in guzhen hailstorm for nearly 1 hour， and there are obvious side-lobe echo characteristics in Shuyang and Guzhen hailstorms， all indicated the existence of large hails.…”
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Engineering Centre as Innovative Component of Professional Training of Future IT Specialists.................90 Slabin U. K. Knowledge and Perception of Eponyms in Chemistry by Uni... by A. N. Privalov, Yu. I. Bogatyreva, V. A. Romanov

“…The efficiency and prospects of interaction between an educational organisation and a commercial structure, which is engaged in advancement and implementation of scientific and technological projects, is demonstrated. …”
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Morphological and immunohistochemical features of deobliterated femoral arteries and saphenous veins of patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremities vessels... by I. S. Shpon’ka, O. L. Tkachuk, O. I. Gudz, O. V. Poslavs’ka

“…Statistical analysis of data was carried out in the program SPSS Statistica 17.0. …”
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Clinical and Epidemiological Features of COVID-19 in Children in Moscow in 2020–2022 by E. R. Samitova

“…In the fourth period the structure of hospitalized children in the ORIT was 72.3% of children from the risk group. …”
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PDGF-BB promotes oral submucosal fibrosis by driving phenotypic transformation and autophagy in oral mucosal fibroblasts through downregulation of circHIPK3 by Huamin Zhang, Yutong Zhou, Ni Jian, Canhua Jiang, Qi Wang, Jie Wang

“…Firstly, the ring structure of circHIPK3 is verified. The expression level of circHIPK3 in OSF tissues and hOMFs was significantly decreased, while the expression level of circHIPK3 was significantly increased after inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta‌‌ (PDGFR-β) by Imatinib (IMA). …”
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Skin Micrograph Protector in a Burn Wound: Alloderm or Hydrogel Coating? by I. Yu. Arefyev, M. G. Ryabkov, V. V. Beschastnov, M. L. Bugrova, K. S. Petrova, P. V. Peretyagin, L. B. Timofeeva, A. A. Karpenko, A. A. Tulupov, N. A. Koloshein

“…By 20 days, under the condition of regular change of hydrogel coatings, the area of wound healing under the studied coatings did not significantly differ. However, the structure of the integumentary tissue under the alloderm according to the optical coherence tomography data was closer to normal skin than when using a hydrogel protector.CONClUSIONS From the point of view of the physiology of the wound process, alloderm is the preferred option of an autograft protector in comparison with a hydrogel coating, which is probably due to the paracrine biological activity of the alloderm. …”
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Reflective Processes and Social Orientation at Different Stages of Professionalisation (on the Example of Preparation for Medical Activity) by G. V. Manuilov, G. G. Gorelova, E. A. Rylskaya, S. V. Morozova, N. N. Vasyagina

“…The integration of ideas about the role, structure, content and determinants of reflection can be represented as follows: traditional understanding from the perspective of inter-individual approach as a mechanism of social perception and interpretation from the point of view of intra-individual (personal) and subject-activity approaches as the higher mental process, which is formed in the process of the acquired profession. …”
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Adaptation of The Diabetes Distress Scale on a Russian-speaking sample of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by N. V. Likhodey, V. E. Epishin, M. F. Kalashnikova, A. M. Kaurova, M. V. Tulupova, Y. P. Sych, I. B. Bondareva

“…Reliability of the DDS questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient of internal consistency and participant retest after 1–4 months.RESULTS: The factor structure of The Diabetes Distress Scale questionnaire is fully reproduced when all 17 questions are included (measurement model fit indicators: CFI=0.981, RMSEA=0.055, TLI=0.967). …”
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The Association Between Solid Fuel Use and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Sichuan, China: Cross-Sectional Study by Qiming Yuan, Xianghong Zhou, Li Ma, Boyu Cai, Zilong Zhang, Linghui Deng, Dan Hu, Zhongyuan Jiang, Mingda Wang, Qiang Wei, Shi Qiu

“…The results suggest that improving fuel structure for household cooking and other household needs can possibly help reduce the risk of LUTS/BPH.…”
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Developing and validating a knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire regarding dengue among secondary schoolchildren in Malaysia by Rahmat Dapari, Kalaivani Muniandy, Lim Chee Hwa, Suhaili Abu Bakar, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa, Sukhvinder Singh Sandhu, Nooreen Farzana Mustapha, Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan Ahmad Zamzuri, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Nazri Che Dom, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim

“…Questionnaires serve as essential tools in research, allowing for standardized measurement of knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which supports accurate data collection and meaningful analysis. Methods The development and evaluation process (structure and content) involved consultations with eight experts including public health medicine specialists, medical officers, behavioural insights officer, academician, and entomologist, to ensure the relevance and comprehensiveness of the questionnaires. …”
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Supercapacitor, electrochemical measurement and sun light driven nano-photocatalytic applications of Co2TiO4/CoTiO3 nanocomposites synthesized from Pechini sol-gel method by Mohammad Reza Saadati-Gullojeh, Masoud Salavati-Niasari, Mojgan Ghanbari, Ali Ehsani

“…XRD and SEM methods were employed to study the crystalline structure and morphology of the Co2TiO4/CoTiO3 generated by the use of the Pechini process. …”
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Antidepressant activity of 4-amino-5-(alkyl-, aryl-, heteryl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione benzylidene derivatives by Ye. S. Pruhlo

“…The purpose of this work was to study antidepressant effects of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and to make analysis of the dependence between chemical structure and pharmacological activity. Materials and methods. …”
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Centella asiatica Nanoparticles as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Cognitive Decline Therapy using Ellman's Method: An in Vitro Study by Nathania Nathania, Selvina Cindy Kusumaningrum, Reny I'tishom, Feranita Kumalasari, Ria Margiana

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphology and surface structure of the samples, while Ellman's method was employed to test the ability of acetylcholine (ACh) in improving cognitive abilities. …”
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Demonstration of a Hybrid FSO/VLC Link for the Last Mile and Last Meter Networks by Petr Pesek, Stanislav Zvanovec, Petr Chvojka, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Paul Anthony Haigh

“…., the roll-off factor of the filters and a number of subcarriers) in terms of the data rate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_b$</tex-math></inline-formula> (i.e., spectral efficiency). …”
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Analysis of the current situation and factors influencing the utilization of somatic and somatic-mental disorder comorbidity and health services among middle-aged and older adult p... by Mo Xue, Qianqian Zhang, Jialing Wu, Kan Tian

“…The patterns of comorbidity exhibited a complex network structure, with arthritis or rheumatism, hypertension, and stomach or other digestive disorders serving as core nodes. …”
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A Systematic Review on Insights to Community Medicine and Clinical Research: Competency Training in Medical and Dental Education by Madeeha Minhas, Bilal Masood, Muhammad Hassaan Saeed, Amna Iqbal Butt, Fareed Ud Din Ahmad Chishti, Fatima Ali

“…There should be improved structure and specification so that such techniques would be applied in routine across a wide range of establishments to create more systematically planned and effectively delivered training in diverse and complex settings. …”
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Preparation of adsorbents for the extraction of heavy metals from mining wastewater by Elena I. Mirzaeva, Nurkhon F. Isaeva, Elmurod Ya. Yalgashev, Dilnoza P. Turdiyeva, Rufatjon M. Boymonov

“…The novelty of the technological approach in obtaining zeolites from natural aluminosilicates in comparison with the published data is that the adjustment of the chemical composition of alkaline alloy for the synthesis of zeolites with a certain crystal structure was carried out using Al2O3–NaAlО2 waste suspension. …”
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Assessment of stress and health conditions among students in the context of the war in Ukraine by Vladimir Potop, Igor Vypasniak, Iryna Ivanyshyn, Vasyl Lutskyi, Iryna Kryventsova, Lyudmila Shesterova, Katarzyna Prusik

“…Factor analysis (PCA) was employed to test the validity and reliability of the PSS-10 questionnaire structure, with the number of factors determined using the Kaiser criterion. …”
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Molecular cloning, bioinformatics of the duck RIG-1 promoter region, and its differential expression profiles in embryo stages by LUO Jun, LIU Hehe, LIU Junying, ZHANG Tao, WANG Yushi, HAN Chunchun

“…Clustering of gene expression pattern showed that RIG-1 had similar expression patterns with IRF-1, RXR, AP1, NF-κB and IL6 in bursa of Fabricius, which may be due to that the bursa of Fabricius, compared with thymus and spleen, had relatively complete structure and function in duck embryo stages. This result indicated that they might regulate the transcription of RIG-1. …”
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Exploring mood and anxiety disturbances across Ramadan: a comparative study of Saudi medical students before, during, and after fasting by Ayoob Lone, Abdulaziz Shary Hadadi, Ahmed Khalid Alnawah, Alya Abdualrahman Alshammary, Razan Manei Almutairi, Sayed Ibrahim Ali, Naushad Abid

“…Fatigue showed significant effects across multiple demographics, including area of residence (p = 0.03), family structure (p = 0.01), sex (p = 0.04), income (p = 0.02), and smoking status (p = 0.01). …”
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