Post-zygotic reproductive barriers confirm absence of continuous interspecific gene flow between Mepraia spp. (Hemiptera, Triatominae) by Jader de Oliveira, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Amanda Ravazi, Jociel Klleyton S. Santana, Daniel Frias Lasserre, João Aristeu da Rosa, Cleber Galvão, Mauro Toledo Marrelli

“…Even though hybrids have been obtained in all directions, the combination of different evolutionary events demonstrated here, such as low hatching rate and high mortality rate of hybrids, as well as the presence of post-zygotic reproductive barriers and possible action of Haldane’s rule indicate that there is no continuous interspecific gene flow between Mepraia spp. and confirms the specific status of species based on the biological species concept.…”
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Justification of antiadhesive components choice for the composition of effervescent tablets with thick extract of betula verrucosa leaves by O. O. Chumak, Ye. A. Bezrukavyi

“…Macrogol 4000 has the most optimal anti-adhesive properties, while the most intense reduction in the pressure of pushing tablets from the matrix is observed at its content under 4 %. …”
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Geographic distribution and trends of small-area burn claims in Japan: An analysis using NDB open data from 2014 to 2021 by Takeshi Utsunomiya, Takahiro Ueda

“…The number of claims decreased annually, with Saga Prefecture exhibiting the most substantial reduction. There is a significant negative correlation between the number of claims and per capita income. …”
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MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR: TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OPTIMAL CONTROL by Ananda Noersena, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Cicik Alfiniyah, Afeez Abidemi

“…Simulations demonstrate that implementing control strategies significantly reduces smoking prevalence, with the combined two strategies achieving the most substantial reduction.…”
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Uncovering the Tradeoffs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Mining Landscapes: Spatiotemporal and Factor Detection Perspective by Jiao Pan, Tao Chen, Antonio Plaza

“…The findings indicated that: 1) Over the past two decades, five categories of ESs have exhibited a declining trend, with water yield experiencing the most significant reduction, reaching 38.7% . 2) Among the 15 ESs pairings, tradeoffs were predominantly negatively correlated. 3) The interaction between land use/land cover and precipitation (54.5% ) emerged as the primary driving force behind the spatial heterogeneity of ESs. 4) The IESLI showed a general downward trend, decreasing from 0.51 in 2005 to 0.44 in 2020. …”
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Control of the postoperative condition of cats with unilateral ureteral obstruction by Vladislav A. Lust, Grigory E. Scheidt

“…Patients receiving acrystalloid solution showed the most effective reduction of azotemia, unlike patients receiving liquid therapy, which includes protein inclusions. …”
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Evaluation of the Effects of Autologous Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes for Treating Chronic Wounds: A Prospective Study by Federica Aragosa, Gerardo Fatone, Chiara Caterino, Stefano Cavalli, Alfonso Piscitelli, Rosario Vallefuoco, Francesco Lamagna, Giovanni Della Valle

“…The BWAT score, total wound area, and granulation tissue decreased significantly over time while wound contraction increased. The most significant reduction in the total wound area was observed within the first 3 weeks after treatment. …”
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β-Amyrin and Metformin, Alone and in Combination, Protect NRK-52E Cell Lines from High Glucose-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Endoplasmic Reticu... by Tamsheel Fatima Roohi, K. L. Krishna

“…Moreover, the test compounds effectively inhibited high glucose-induced ROS production, with the combination treatment displaying the most significant reduction. Gene expression studies demonstrated a downregulation of ER stress, apoptotic markers, and inflammatory markers, with the combination treatment consistently yielding the greatest reductions. …”
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Evaluation of Adulticidal Clorine with Black Sand, White Sand and Silica Sand for Decline Coliform Bacteria by Rezania Asyfiradayati, Eni Budiyati, Mitoriana Porusia, Muhammad Rivandi Athaya, Afnan Zain Muzakki, Jenita Berlian Nindyasari, Siti Rohana Mohd Yatim

“…Conclusion: Chlorine diffusers incorporating diverse sand media demonstrated varying efficacy in reducing coliform bacteria, with black sand exhibiting the most pronounced reduction. This finding suggests that material selection significantly influences the functional performance of chlorine-based water disinfection systems.…”
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A comparative analysis of thermal comfort, energy consumption, pollutant emissions, and visual comfort in a school building utilizing electrochromic and thermochromic windows by Sina Lashgari, Mohammad Hossein Jahangir

“…Compared to buildings equipped with conventional windows, the most substantial reduction in annual natural gas consumption was observed in Yazd, with a decrease of 47.8 %, while the greatest reduction in total annual energy consumption occurred in Tabriz, at 37.2 %. …”
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Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to metabolic risks across all age groups from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the 2021 global burden of d... by Xing-Yu Zhu, Miao-Qian Shi, Zhi-Meng Jiang, Xiao-Li, Jian-Wei Tian, Fei-Fei Su

“…However, the absolute number of deaths increased from 8.326 million to 13.595 million. The most substantial reduction in ASMR was observed in the High Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region (AAPC = -2.98, 95% CI [-3.10, -2.86], P < 0.01), whereas the reductions were relatively smaller in the Low-middle SDI and Low SDI regions. …”
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Effect of chitosan nanoparticles conjugated with the cell free supernatant of Bifidobacterium bifidum on the expression of genes related to colorectal cancer in colon adenocarcinom... by Rahimeh Maqsoodi, Masoumeh Saberpour, Bita Bakhshi, Fatemeh Fallah

“…CTNP/B.b-sup induced the most significant reduction in TGF-α oncogene expression, with a decrease of 0.03-fold. …”
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Fortifying bread rolls with date fruit fiber: Effects on dietary fiber, antioxidant capacity, mineral content, and glycemic response by Alaa Almoumen, Huda Mohamed, Athira Subash, Ali H. Al-Marzouqi, Mutamed Ayyash, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Afaf Kamal-Eldin

“…In vitro digestibility analysis revealed that date pomace fortification progressively reduced glucose release during the oral, gastric, and intestinal digestive phases, with the most significant reduction observed in the oral and gastric phase for the 10 % bread. …”
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Efficacy and safety of prostaglandin drugs for elevated intraocular pressure: a Bayesian network meta-analysis by Jieting Peng, Wenrui Huang, Junguo Duan

“…Among these, bimatoprost showed the most effective reduction in intraocular pressure compared to latanoprost [mean difference (MD) 0.69; 95%confidence interval (CI) 0.28–1.1; SUCRA 95.6%; moderate confidence]. …”
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An Efficient Downwelling Light Sensor Data Correction Model for UAV Multi-Spectral Image DOM Generation by Siyao Wu, Yanan Lu, Wei Fan, Shengmao Zhang, Zuli Wu, Fei Wang

“…The method addresses three key issues: (1) field tests conducted in the Qingpu region show that FIM-DC markedly reduces the standard deviation of reflectance at tie points across multiple spectral bands and flight sessions, with the most substantial reduction from 15.07% to 0.58%; (2) it effectively mitigates inconsistencies in reflectance within image mosaics caused by anomalous DLS readings, thereby improving the uniformity of DOMs; and (3) FIM-DC accurately corrects the spectral curves of six land cover types in anomalous images, making them consistent with those from non-anomalous images. …”
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Evaluation of an organic diet intervention to reduce pesticide exposure: a repeated measures cross-over study among rural and urban communities in Selangor, Malaysia by Vivien How, Maisarah Nasution Waras, Jamilatul Wahidah Jamal Rodzi, Nurul Afina Ahmad Zamani, Hafizah Rukman

“…Urban adults showed the most consistent reduction, while rural families exhibited greater variability due to overlapping dietary and non-dietary pathways. …”
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Multiomics-based analysis of the mechanism of ammonia reduction in Sphingomonas by Wang Mingcheng, Wang Mingcheng, Wang Mingcheng, Wang Mingcheng, Liu Daoqi, Xia Huili, Wang Gailing, Liu Chaoying, Guo Yanan, Guo Aizhen, Guo Aizhen, Guo Aizhen

“…Z392. ncd2 Overexpression exhibited the most ammonia reduction capability, the ammonia concentration of ncd2 overexpression group decreased by 43.33% than that of without Sphingomonas sp. group, and decreased by 14.17% than that of Sphingomonas sp. …”
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Impacts of COVID-19-Induced Human Mobility Changes on Global Wildfire Activity by Liqing Si, Wei Li, Mingyu Wang, Lifu Shu, Feng Chen, Fengjun Zhao, Pengle Cheng, Weike Li

“…Key findings include: (a) A 22% global decline in wildfire hotspots during 2020–2022 compared to 2015–2019, with the most pronounced reduction occurring in 2022; (b) Contrasting regional trends: reduced fire activity in tropical zones versus intensified burning in boreal regions; (c) Stark national disparities, exemplified by Russia’s net increase of 59,990 hotspots versus Australia’s decrease of 60,380 in 2020; (d) Seasonal shifts characterized by December declines linked to mobility restrictions, while northern summer fires persisted due to climate-driven factors. …”
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The Significance of OCTA in Studying Vessel Density and Retinal Thickness in Individuals with Myopia by Marija Veselinović, Marija Trenkić, Vladimir Čanadanović, Predrag Jovanović, Aleksandar Veselinović, Maja Petrović, Aida Kasumović Bećirović

“…Retinal thickness was significantly reduced in HM eyes, with the most pronounced reduction in the peritemporal quadrant (mean difference: 16.7 ± 3.2 µm; <i>p</i> < 0.001). …”
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The Influence of Parent Pairs with Different Genetic Distances on the Genetic Diversity of Offspring in <i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i> by Peng Liu, Xuechun Jiang, Hao Guo, Tongshan Jia, Shuaichen Wu, Fanjiang Ou, Wenzhuo Tian, Lei Liu, Yaqing Chang, Jun Ding, Weijie Zhang

“…These findings indicate that the genetic diversity of all the three offspring populations declined to varying degrees compared to the parental population, with the C group experiencing the most severe reduction. In contrast, the D and M groups maintained comparably higher levels of genetic diversity, which were comparable to each other. …”
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