Post-zygotic reproductive barriers confirm absence of continuous interspecific gene flow between Mepraia spp. (Hemiptera, Triatominae) by Jader de Oliveira, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Amanda Ravazi, Jociel Klleyton S. Santana, Daniel Frias Lasserre, João Aristeu da Rosa, Cleber Galvão, Mauro Toledo Marrelli

“…Even though hybrids have been obtained in all directions, the combination of different evolutionary events demonstrated here, such as low hatching rate and high mortality rate of hybrids, as well as the presence of post-zygotic reproductive barriers and possible action of Haldane’s rule indicate that there is no continuous interspecific gene flow between Mepraia spp. and confirms the specific status of species based on the biological species concept.…”
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Justification of antiadhesive components choice for the composition of effervescent tablets with thick extract of betula verrucosa leaves by O. O. Chumak, Ye. A. Bezrukavyi

“…Macrogol 4000 has the most optimal anti-adhesive properties, while the most intense reduction in the pressure of pushing tablets from the matrix is observed at its content under 4 %. …”
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Geographic distribution and trends of small-area burn claims in Japan: An analysis using NDB open data from 2014 to 2021 by Takeshi Utsunomiya, Takahiro Ueda

“…The number of claims decreased annually, with Saga Prefecture exhibiting the most substantial reduction. There is a significant negative correlation between the number of claims and per capita income. …”
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MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR: TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OPTIMAL CONTROL by Ananda Noersena, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Cicik Alfiniyah, Afeez Abidemi

“…Simulations demonstrate that implementing control strategies significantly reduces smoking prevalence, with the combined two strategies achieving the most substantial reduction.…”
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Uncovering the Tradeoffs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Mining Landscapes: Spatiotemporal and Factor Detection Perspective by Jiao Pan, Tao Chen, Antonio Plaza

“…The findings indicated that: 1) Over the past two decades, five categories of ESs have exhibited a declining trend, with water yield experiencing the most significant reduction, reaching 38.7% . 2) Among the 15 ESs pairings, tradeoffs were predominantly negatively correlated. 3) The interaction between land use/land cover and precipitation (54.5% ) emerged as the primary driving force behind the spatial heterogeneity of ESs. 4) The IESLI showed a general downward trend, decreasing from 0.51 in 2005 to 0.44 in 2020. …”
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Evaluation of the Effects of Autologous Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes for Treating Chronic Wounds: A Prospective Study by Federica Aragosa, Gerardo Fatone, Chiara Caterino, Stefano Cavalli, Alfonso Piscitelli, Rosario Vallefuoco, Francesco Lamagna, Giovanni Della Valle

“…The BWAT score, total wound area, and granulation tissue decreased significantly over time while wound contraction increased. The most significant reduction in the total wound area was observed within the first 3 weeks after treatment. …”
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Evaluation of Adulticidal Clorine with Black Sand, White Sand and Silica Sand for Decline Coliform Bacteria by Rezania Asyfiradayati, Eni Budiyati, Mitoriana Porusia, Muhammad Rivandi Athaya, Afnan Zain Muzakki, Jenita Berlian Nindyasari, Siti Rohana Mohd Yatim

“…Conclusion: Chlorine diffusers incorporating diverse sand media demonstrated varying efficacy in reducing coliform bacteria, with black sand exhibiting the most pronounced reduction. This finding suggests that material selection significantly influences the functional performance of chlorine-based water disinfection systems.…”
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A comparative analysis of thermal comfort, energy consumption, pollutant emissions, and visual comfort in a school building utilizing electrochromic and thermochromic windows by Sina Lashgari, Mohammad Hossein Jahangir

“…Compared to buildings equipped with conventional windows, the most substantial reduction in annual natural gas consumption was observed in Yazd, with a decrease of 47.8 %, while the greatest reduction in total annual energy consumption occurred in Tabriz, at 37.2 %. …”
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Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to metabolic risks across all age groups from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the 2021 global burden of d... by Xing-Yu Zhu, Miao-Qian Shi, Zhi-Meng Jiang, Xiao-Li, Jian-Wei Tian, Fei-Fei Su

“…However, the absolute number of deaths increased from 8.326 million to 13.595 million. The most substantial reduction in ASMR was observed in the High Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region (AAPC = -2.98, 95% CI [-3.10, -2.86], P < 0.01), whereas the reductions were relatively smaller in the Low-middle SDI and Low SDI regions. …”
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Efficacy and safety of prostaglandin drugs for elevated intraocular pressure: a Bayesian network meta-analysis by Jieting Peng, Wenrui Huang, Junguo Duan

“…Among these, bimatoprost showed the most effective reduction in intraocular pressure compared to latanoprost [mean difference (MD) 0.69; 95%confidence interval (CI) 0.28–1.1; SUCRA 95.6%; moderate confidence]. …”
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An Efficient Downwelling Light Sensor Data Correction Model for UAV Multi-Spectral Image DOM Generation by Siyao Wu, Yanan Lu, Wei Fan, Shengmao Zhang, Zuli Wu, Fei Wang

“…The method addresses three key issues: (1) field tests conducted in the Qingpu region show that FIM-DC markedly reduces the standard deviation of reflectance at tie points across multiple spectral bands and flight sessions, with the most substantial reduction from 15.07% to 0.58%; (2) it effectively mitigates inconsistencies in reflectance within image mosaics caused by anomalous DLS readings, thereby improving the uniformity of DOMs; and (3) FIM-DC accurately corrects the spectral curves of six land cover types in anomalous images, making them consistent with those from non-anomalous images. …”
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Evaluation of an organic diet intervention to reduce pesticide exposure: a repeated measures cross-over study among rural and urban communities in Selangor, Malaysia by Vivien How, Maisarah Nasution Waras, Jamilatul Wahidah Jamal Rodzi, Nurul Afina Ahmad Zamani, Hafizah Rukman

“…Urban adults showed the most consistent reduction, while rural families exhibited greater variability due to overlapping dietary and non-dietary pathways. …”
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Multiomics-based analysis of the mechanism of ammonia reduction in Sphingomonas by Wang Mingcheng, Wang Mingcheng, Wang Mingcheng, Wang Mingcheng, Liu Daoqi, Xia Huili, Wang Gailing, Liu Chaoying, Guo Yanan, Guo Aizhen, Guo Aizhen, Guo Aizhen

“…Z392. ncd2 Overexpression exhibited the most ammonia reduction capability, the ammonia concentration of ncd2 overexpression group decreased by 43.33% than that of without Sphingomonas sp. group, and decreased by 14.17% than that of Sphingomonas sp. …”
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Impacts of COVID-19-Induced Human Mobility Changes on Global Wildfire Activity by Liqing Si, Wei Li, Mingyu Wang, Lifu Shu, Feng Chen, Fengjun Zhao, Pengle Cheng, Weike Li

“…Key findings include: (a) A 22% global decline in wildfire hotspots during 2020–2022 compared to 2015–2019, with the most pronounced reduction occurring in 2022; (b) Contrasting regional trends: reduced fire activity in tropical zones versus intensified burning in boreal regions; (c) Stark national disparities, exemplified by Russia’s net increase of 59,990 hotspots versus Australia’s decrease of 60,380 in 2020; (d) Seasonal shifts characterized by December declines linked to mobility restrictions, while northern summer fires persisted due to climate-driven factors. …”
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The Influence of Parent Pairs with Different Genetic Distances on the Genetic Diversity of Offspring in <i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i> by Peng Liu, Xuechun Jiang, Hao Guo, Tongshan Jia, Shuaichen Wu, Fanjiang Ou, Wenzhuo Tian, Lei Liu, Yaqing Chang, Jun Ding, Weijie Zhang

“…These findings indicate that the genetic diversity of all the three offspring populations declined to varying degrees compared to the parental population, with the C group experiencing the most severe reduction. In contrast, the D and M groups maintained comparably higher levels of genetic diversity, which were comparable to each other. …”
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Comprehensive preventive treatments for episodic migraine: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials by María-Karina Vélez-Jiménez, Adriana Patricia Martínez-Mayorga, Adriana Patricia Martínez-Mayorga, Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva, Marisol Jannet Figueroa-Medina, Maria Teresa Reyes-Alvarez, Juan Carlos Pérez-García, Rubén Darío Vargas-García, Daniel San-Juan, Mauricio Pierdant-Perez, Emilio García Gómez, Miguel Angel Morales Morales, Carlos Trenado, Marco Antonio Martínez-Gurrola, Marco Antonio Martínez-Gurrola

“…Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies and gepants demonstrated the most consistent reduction in MMD (−3.2 to −4.4 days) with favorable tolerability. …”
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When Rivals Are Absent: Male Aggression Towards Females in Bluefin Killifish by Ratna Karatgi, Rebecca C. Fuller

“…While there are inherent costs to reproduction, behavioral interactions among individuals are often the primary drivers of reproductive costs. …”
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Neonatal state and degree of necessity for parental care in Maiasaura based on inferred neonatal metabolic rates by Hugo Bert, Holly Woodward, Nicolas Rinder, Romain Amiot, John R. Horner, Christophe Lécuyer, Mariana Sena, Jorge Cubo

“…The diversity of post-hatching reproductive strategy partly explains the adaptation of hadrosaurs to a wide range of paleolatitudes and environments.…”
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An integrated anthracnose management approach in Tommy Atkins mango cultivars in Cundinamarca - Colombia by Erika Patricia Martínez Lemus, Emerson Duvan Rojas Zambrano, Jairo Antonio Osorio Cardona, Ginna Natalia Cruz Castiblanco, Henry Alexander Bustos Rodríguez

“…In 2015 and 2016, the treatments involving natural or biological applications against anthracnose plus nutrient supply led to the most significant reductions in quiescent leaf infections and disease presence in flowers and fruits. …”
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Revoking Russia’s MFN status as an Instrument of Western Sanctions Pressure: Impact on Trade and Logistics by E. Ya. Arapova, E. S. Knyazkina

“…It was found that, in addition to the energy sector, industries that have experienced the most significant reductions in exports to the EU include ferrous and non-ferrous metalls, precious metals production, and timber and wood products manufacturing. …”
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