Naturally Occurring Hepatitis B Virus B-Cell and T-Cell Epitope Mutants in Hepatitis B Vaccinated Children by Yu-Min Lin, Guey-Mei Jow, Shu-Chi Mu, Bing-Fang Chen

“…To control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a universal HBV vaccination program for infants was launched in Taiwan in 1984. …”
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A Simple and Sensitive RT-qPCR Technology for Rapid Detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Hongri Zhao, Xingyu Xiao, Yajuan Sun, Yang Chen, Yongzhe Zhang, Peng Li, Hui Jin, Ying Li, Rui Yin

“…The results showed that the method was able to specifically detect PRRSV without cross-reactivity with the other 11 porcine susceptible viruses. The sensitivities of the assay were 3.12 × 10⁰ copies/μL and 10⁰ TCID₅₀/μL for <i>M</i> gene and virus, respectively, and the repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation, CV) of the assay were less than 2.5%. …”
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Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms by Anna Onisiforou, Eleftheria G. Charalambous, Panos Zanos

“…Viral infections like Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to AD by modulating host processes like the immune system. …”
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Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Canada: Results from the LCDC Sentinel Health Unit Surveillance System by RK Chaudhary, M Tepper, S Eisaadany, Paul R Gully

“…In a sentinel hepatitis surveillance study conducted by sentinel health units, 1469 patients were enrolled, and 959 (65.3%) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Samples from 387 patients (40.4%) were tested for HCV RNA, and 289 (74.7%) were positive for RNA. …”
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Recombinant short TNF-BD protein from smallpox virus is pharmacologically active in an experimental septic shock model by I. P. Gileva, S. N. Yakubitskiy, I. V. Kolosova, S. N. Shchelkunov

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Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep by Ana Cristina Pérez de Diego, Pedro José Sánchez-Cordón, Ana Isabel de las Heras, José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno

“…The protective immune response generated by a commercial monovalent inactivated vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV1) was studied. Five sheep were vaccinated, boost-vaccinated, and then challenged against BTV1 ALG/2006. …”
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Hepatitis B virus hijacks MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex to form its minichromosome. by Kaitao Zhao, Jingjing Wang, Zichen Wang, Mengfei Wang, Chen Li, Zaichao Xu, Qiong Zhan, Fangteng Guo, Xiaoming Cheng, Yuchen Xia

“…Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can significantly increase the incidence of cirrhosis and liver cancer, and there is no curative treatment. …”
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A Non-Integer Variable Order Mathematical Model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malaria Coinfection with Time Delay by A. A. M. Arafa, M. Khalil, A. Sayed

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Synthesis of some benzimidazole derivatives endowed with 1,2,3-triazole as potential inhibitors of hepatitis C virus by Youssif Bahaa G. M., Mohamed Yaseen A. M., Salim Mohammed T. A., Inagaki Fuyuhiko, Mukai Chisato, Abdu-Allah Hajjaj H. M.

“…New derivatives of 2-thiobenzimidazole incorporating triazole moiety were synthesized, characterized and tested in vitro for antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Their cytotoxicity was determined by the reduction in the number of viable cell. …”
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Evidence of Peste des petits Ruminants’ Virus in Dromedary Camels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2014 and 2016 by Maged Gomaa Hemida, Hussain Mohammed Al-Ghadeer

“…Infection with the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly devastating viral infection of small ruminants. …”
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Development of RT-PCR Assays for Simple Detection and Identification of Sabin Virus Contaminants in the Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccines by Olga Singh, Hasmik Manukyan, Erman Tritama, Shwu-Maan Lee, Jerry P. Weir, Majid Laassri

“…Results: The two assays exhibit high specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity to detect 0.0001% and 0.00001% of Sabin viruses in nOPV, respectively. Additionally, an analysis of 12 trivalent nOPV formulation lots using both methods confirmed that the nOPV lots were free from Sabin virus contamination. …”
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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus detection based on cross-domain shared attention and enhanced BiFPN by Henghui Mo, Linjing Wei

“…Accurate identification of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) is essential for ensuring the sustainability of tomato cultivation, as tomatoes are a globally important commercial crop. …”
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Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis in a Young Immunocompetent Adult without Rash: A Misleading Clinical Presentation by Thomas Pasedag, Karin Weissenborn, Ulrich Wurster, Tina Ganzenmueller, Martin Stangel, Thomas Skripuletz

“…Meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) is rare in healthy population. Predominantly immunocompromised patients are affected by reactivation of this virus with primary clinical features of rash and neurological symptoms. …”
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Using a Herd Profile to Determine Age-Specific Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Michigan Dairy Herds by Ronald J. Erskine, Paul C. Bartlett, Todd M. Byrem, Chelsea L. Render, Catherine Febvay, Jessica T. Houseman

“…Enzootic bovine leukosis is a contagious disease of cattle caused by the retrovirus, bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and is the most common cause of malignant neoplasm in cattle. …”
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Circulation of Dengue Virus Serotypes in the City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, as Determined by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction by Sameer R. Organji, Hussein H. Abulreesh, Gamal E. H. Osman

“…The present study was aimed to investigate the circulation of four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in Makkah, Western Saudi Arabia. …”
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Autophagy Contributes to Host Immunity and Protection against Zika Virus Infection via Type I IFN Signaling by Yuyi Huang, Yujie Wang, Shuhui Meng, Zhuohang Chen, Haifan Kong, Ting Pan, Gen Lu, Xuefeng Li

“…Recent studies have indicated that the Zika virus (ZIKV) has a significant impact on the fetal brain, and autophagy is contributing to host immune response and defense against virus infection. …”
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Genetic Characterization of the Hemagglutinin Gene of Influenza B Virus which Predominated in the 1985/86 Canadian Influenza Season by Shimian Zou, Isabelle Prud’homme, John M Weber

“…OBJECTIVE: To characterize the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of B/Canada/3/85, a prototype strain of influenza B virus variants that emerged in the 1984/85 influenza season and predominated in the 1985/86 season in Canada.…”
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Pseudotyped Viruses: A Useful Platform for Pre-Clinical Studies Conducted in a BSL-2 Laboratory Setting by Sofiia N. Rizatdinova, Alina E. Ershova, Irina V. Astrakhantseva

“…The study of pathogenic viruses has always posed significant biosafety challenges. …”
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A New Metabolism-Related Index Correlates with the Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Patients by Hirayuki Enomoto, Nobuhiro Aizawa, Hideji Nakamura, Ryo Takata, Yoshiyuki Sakai, Yoshinori Iwata, Hironori Tanaka, Naoto Ikeda, Tomoko Aoki, Kunihiro Hasegawa, Kazunori Yoh, Kenji Hashimoto, Akio Ishii, Tomoyuki Takashima, Masaki Saito, Hiroyasu Imanishi, Hiroko Iijima, Shuhei Nishiguchi

“…The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of an index obtained from three metabolic variables (glycated albumin: GA, glycated hemoglobin: HbA1c, and branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio: BTR) to the degree of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus virus- (HCV-) positive patients. Methods. A total of 394 HCV-positive patients were assessed based on the values of a new index (GA/HbA1c/BTR). …”
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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Three Species of Pet Birds in Northwest China by Wei Cong, Qing-Feng Meng, Xiao-Feng Shan, Wu-Wen Sun, Si-Yuan Qin, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Si-Yang Huang, Ai-Dong Qian

“…Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, has been reported in a wide variety of animals, including birds, but little is known of HEV infection in pet birds in northwest China. …”
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