Amebic Encephalitis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Ibrutinib Therapy by Ensi Voshtina, Huiya Huang, Renju Raj, Ehab Atallah

“…A common first-line therapy offered to qualifying patients includes ibrutinib, an oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase. Treatment of CLL with ibrutinib therapy is generally well tolerated; however, serious opportunistic infections are being reported in patients treated with ibrutinib. …”
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Severe Erosive Pill Esophagitis Induced by Crizotinib Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review by Patrick Jung, Kyle J. Fortinsky, Zane R. Gallinger, Piero Tartaro

“…Previous case reports have described esophagitis thought to be secondary to crizotinib, an oral tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase- (ALK-) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). …”
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Relapsing Campylobacter jejuni Systemic Infections in a Child with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia by Paola Ariganello, Giulia Angelino, Alessia Scarselli, Irene Salfa, Martina Della Corte, Arianna De Matteis, Patrizia D'Argenio, Susanna Livadiotti, Emma C. Manno, Cristina Russo, Andrea Finocchi, Caterina Cancrini

“…X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency of the humoral compartment, due to a mutation in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, characterized by a severe defect of circulating B cells and serum immunoglobulins. …”
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Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and c-Abl Signaling: At the Crossroad in Neurodegenerative Diseases? by Stefania Gonfloni, Emiliano Maiani, Claudia Di Bartolomeo, Marc Diederich, Gianni Cesareni

“…The c-Abl tyrosine kinase is implicated in diverse cellular activities including growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, oxidative stress, and DNA damage response. …”
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EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma With Li–Fraumeni Syndrome: The Imperative for Germline Testing in Patients With a Family History, a Case Report by Hiroyuki Fujii, MD, Yusuke Okuma, MD, PhD, Makoto Hirata, MD, PhD, Yuki Shinno, MD, PhD, Tatsuya Yoshida, MD, PhD, Yasushi Goto, MD, PhD, Hidehito Horinouchi, MD, PhD, Noboru Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Yuichiro Ohe, MD, PhD

“…Remarkably, despite the presence of EGFR mutation, the response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor was poor, whereas the response to cytotoxic anticancer drugs and immunotherapy was favorable. …”
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Current Molecular Targeted Therapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Mechanism, Clinical Trials, and Practical Application by Kaichun Li, Jin Li

“…Second-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer with ramucirumab, an antibody targeting VEGFR-2, alone or in combination with paclitaxel, has been proved to provide a beneficial effect. The VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, apatinib, can improve the survival of advanced gastric cancer patients after second-line chemotherapy failure. …”
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Advanced Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Treated with Pazopanib over Three Years by Yoji Shido, Yukihiro Matsuyama

“…Pazopanib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been clinically available from November 2012 in Japan. …”
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Prognostic significance of ımmunhistochemical axl expression in pancreas ductal adenocarcinomas by Ozden Oz, Asuman Argon, Tulu Ayata Kebat, Ozlem Ozdemir, Savas Yakan

“…Introduction and Aim: Pancreas Ductal Adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are among the leading causes of cancer-related death. Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) are responsible for cell plasticity, chemoresistance, immunosuppression and metastasis potential. …”
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Role of Thyroid Hormone in Neurodegenerative Disorders of Older People by Arshag D. Mooradian, Michael J. Haas

“…The effect of THRP on cell viability is not modulated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase. The causal relationship between specific biochemical perturbations in cerebral tissue and thyroid dysfunction remains to be elucidated.…”
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ERK1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase dimerization is essential for the regulation of cell motility by Dalia de laFuente‐Vivas, Vincenzo Cappitelli, Rocío García‐Gómez, Sara Valero‐Díaz, Camilla Amato, Javier Rodriguéz, Santiago Duro‐Sánchez, Alexander vonKriegsheim, Michael Grusch, José Lozano, Joaquín Arribas, Berta Casar, Piero Crespo

“…Importantly, we unveil that the scaffold protein kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is a critical element for endowing external agonists, acting through tyrosine kinase receptors, with the capacity to induce ERK dimerization and, subsequently, to unleash cellular motion. …”
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Resolution of Crizotinib-Associated Fulminant Hepatitis following Cessation of Treatment by Gregory W. Charville, Sukhmani K. Padda, Richard K. Sibley, Ajithkumar Puthillath, Paul Y. Kwo

“…We discuss the case of a 26-year-old female with a history of ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, undergoing treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib, who presented to our hospital with abdominal pain and scleral icterus. …”
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A Case of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Mutually Exclusive <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KRAS</i> Mutations by Abhimanyu Tushir, Israh Akhtar, Anjali Seth

“…The majority of these co-occurring alterations were detected in samples collected from patients with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, indicating a potential functional role in driving resistance to therapy. …”
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Exceptional Response of Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors: Should Increased VEGF-C Expression Be Used to Guide Tre... by Jacob W. Bruinius, Karl J. Dykema, Sabrina L. Noyes, Bin Tean Teh, Brian R. Lane

“…There is sparse literature demonstrating effective treatments for metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib selectively inhibits the VEGF pathway and it is a standard care for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), although data supporting its use in ChRCC is much more limited. …”
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EGFR-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives by Antonio Rossi, Ettore Mari

“… EGFR mutations are the first identified targetable driver alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for which specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been developed. …”
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Tirosin Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Graft versus Host Disease: From Bench to Bedside by Jacopo Olivieri, Sabrina Coluzzi, Imma Attolico, Attilio Olivieri

“…In many inflammatory fibrotic diseases, such as Systemic Scleroderma (SSc) and cGVHD with fibrotic features, an abnormal activation of transforming growth factor (TGFβ) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) pathways have been observed. Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs), which are currently used for treatment of patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), share potent antifibrotic and antiinflammatory properties, being powerful dual inhibitors of both PDGF-R and TGFβ pathways. …”
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A Decade of FGF Receptor Research in Bladder Cancer: Past, Present, and Future Challenges by Erica di Martino, Darren C. Tomlinson, Margaret A. Knowles

“…Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) orchestrate a variety of cellular functions by binding to their transmembrane tyrosine-kinase receptors (FGFRs) and activating downstream signalling pathways, including RAS/MAPK, PLCγ1, PI3K, and STATs. …”
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Inflammatory Signalings Involved in Airway and Pulmonary Diseases by I-Ta Lee, Chuen-Mao Yang

“…The time course and intensity of responses by resident and circulating cells may be regulated by various inflammatory signalings, including Src family kinases (SFKs), protein kinase C (PKC), growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS), PI3K/Akt, MAPKs, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and other signaling molecules. …”
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Bevacizumab Demonstrates Prolonged Disease Stabilization in Patients with Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature by Nicole M. Agostino, Rebecca Gingrich, Joseph J. Drabick

“…These include the immunotherapeutics, alfa-interferon, and interleukin-2, and agents that target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) via its tyrosine kinase, such as sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib, or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), such as temsirolimus and everolimus. …”
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The Impact of Targeted Therapies on Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Evaluated Using Software Image Flow Analysis by Anika Alexandrova-Watanabe, Emilia Abadjieva, Lidia Gartcheva, Ariana Langari, Miroslava Ivanova, Margarita Guenova, Tihomir Tiankov, Velichka Strijkova, Sashka Krumova, Svetla Todinova

“…Despite advances in therapies targeting Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, little is known about their effect on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation in blood flow. …”
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Busting the Breast Cancer with AstraZeneca’s Gefitinib by S. Chemmalar, A. R. Intan Shameha, Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah, Nor Asma Ab Razak, Loqman Mohamad Yusof, Mokrish Ajat, Kim Wei Chan, Md Zuki Abu Bakar Zakaria

“…Gefitinib (GEF), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR1, possesses a vast potential for treatment against breast cancer and is supported by a multiplicity of experiments. …”
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