A Review: Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's Disease, Role of Cytokines by Jose Miguel Rubio-Perez, Juana Maria Morillas-Ruiz

“…By contrast, other cytokines such as IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β can suppress both proinflammatory cytokine production and their action, subsequently protecting the brain. …”
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SPDEF ameliorates UUO-induced renal fibrosis by transcriptional activation of NR4A1 by Hongshuang Wang, Ziheng Wei, Chang Xu, Fang Fang, Zheng Wang, Yan Zhong, Xiangting Wang

“…Our results showed that the knockdown of NR4A1 can accelerate unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis in mice, and overexpression of NR4A1 can significantly reduce transforming growth factor-β1-induced (TGF-β1) fibrosis in HK-2 cells. …”
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Inflammatory Mediators and Angiogenic Factors in Choroidal Neovascularization: Pathogenetic Interactions and Therapeutic Implications by Claudio Campa, Ciro Costagliola, Carlo Incorvaia, Carl Sheridan, Francesco Semeraro, Katia De Nadai, Adolfo Sebastiani, Francesco Parmeggiani

“…These include fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and complement. …”
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Tribbles 3 Regulates the Fibrosis Cytokine TGF-β1 through ERK1/2-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy by Luwei Zhang, Jinhang Zhang, Xinnong Liu, Shengli Liu, Jun Tian

“…To reveal the expression and possible role of tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) in the incidence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, we used immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to study the expression of TRB3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type IV in kidneys of db/db diabetic mice and in murine renal mesangial cells stimulated with high glucose. …”
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The Role of the TGF-β Coreceptor Endoglin in Cancer by Eduardo Pérez-Gómez, Gaelle del Castillo, Juan Francisco Santibáñez, Jose Miguel Lêpez-Novoa, Carmelo Bernabéu, Miguel Quintanilla

“…Endoglin (CD105) is an auxiliary membrane receptor of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) that interacts with type I and type II TGF-β receptors and modulates TGF-β signaling. …”
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Tirosin Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Graft versus Host Disease: From Bench to Bedside by Jacopo Olivieri, Sabrina Coluzzi, Imma Attolico, Attilio Olivieri

“…In many inflammatory fibrotic diseases, such as Systemic Scleroderma (SSc) and cGVHD with fibrotic features, an abnormal activation of transforming growth factor (TGFβ) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) pathways have been observed. …”
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Mathematical insights on psoriasis regulation: Role of Th1 and Th2 cells by Amit Kumar Roy, Priti Kumar Roy, Ellina Grigorieva

“…Interferon gamma ( $\mbox{IFN}-{γ}$ ), Transforming growth factor beta ( $\mbox{TGF}-β$ ) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( $\mbox{TNF}-α$ ) etc. …”
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The Possible Potential Therapeutic Targets for Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth by Tamilselvan Subramani, Vidhya Rathnavelu, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen

“…Proteins such as transforming growth factor (TGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) appear to act in a network that contributes to the development of gingival fibrosis. …”
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Proinflammatory Cytokines and Potassium Channels in the Kidney by Kazuyoshi Nakamura, Hikaru Hayashi, Manabu Kubokawa

“…In human proximal tubule cells, interferon-γ showed a time-dependent biphasic effect on a 40 pS K+ channel, that is, delayed suppression and acute stimulation, and interleukin-1β acutely suppressed the channel activity. Transforming growth factor-β1 activated KCa3.1 K+ channel in immortalized human proximal tubule cells, which would be involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. …”
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PBC: Animal Models of Cholangiopathies and Possible Endogenous Viral Infections by Masashi Ninomiya, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Tooru Shimosegawa

“…In this paper, we introduce three typical animal models of PBC: the dominant-negative form of transforming growth factor-β receptor type II (dnTGFβRII) mouse, IL-2Rα−/− mouse and NOD.c3c4 mouse, are enumerated and described, and we discuss previous reports of viral infection associated with PBC and consider the etiology of PBC from our analysis of results in NOD.c3c4 mouse.…”
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Development and characterization of in vitro inducible immortalization of a murine microglia cell line for high throughput studies by Hana Yeh, Matthew A. De Cruz, Yang You, Seiko Ikezu, Tsuneya Ikezu

“…Treatment with transforming growth factor-β modified the transcriptome of the 2E11 cell line, affecting cellular immune pathways. …”
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Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy with Early Chronic Kidney Disease by Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz, Leonardo Pazarín-Villaseñor, Francisco Gerardo Yanowsky-Escatell, Jorge Andrade-Sierra

“…Alterations in the redox state in DN are caused by the persistent state of hyperglycemia and the increase in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with ability to affect the renin-angiotensin system and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), producing chronic inflammation and glomerular and tubular hypertrophy and favoring the appearance of oxidative stress. …”
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Improvement of Skin Wound Healing for Diabetic Mice with Thermosensitive Hydrogel Combined with Insulin Injection by Lingling Fang, Haijian Wu, Xiaoyan Li, Jianghua Fang, Yabin Zhu

“…Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the relative expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in wound tissues at 7, 14, and 28 days. …”
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Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases by Ye. A. Konovich, I. L. Khalif, M. V. Shapina

“…., at ulcerative colitis – by Th2-and NKT-cells, cytokines IL-4 and IL-3 in combination to incompetence of suppressor function of regulatory Т-cells and their cytokines TGF-β (transforming growth factor) and IL-10.Conclusion. Investigations of experimental enterocolites and human IBD confirm immunologic hypothesis of pathogenesis: relation of their development to defects of innate and adaptive immune system.…”
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Role of cytokines in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion by H. S. Sharma, D. K. Das

“…Ischemia followed by reperfusion induces a number of other multi-potent cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as well as an angiogenic cytokine/ growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the heart. …”
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IgG expressed by renal tubular epithelial cells in epithelial mesenchymal transformation and interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by Xinyao Wang, Zhenling Deng, Yue Wang

“…High glucose induced an over expression of IgG in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and knockdown of IgG with siRNA relieved the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen IV, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 under high glucose conditions. …”
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Periradicular Tissue Responses to Biologically Active Molecules or MTA When Applied in Furcal Perforation of Dogs' Teeth by Anna Zairi, Theodoros Lambrianidis, Ourania Pantelidou, Serafim Papadimitriou, Dimitrios Tziafas

“…Results showed significantly higher inflammatory cell response in the transforming growth factorβ1 (TGFβ1) and zinc-oxide-eugenol-based cement (IRM) groups and higher rates of epithelial proliferation in the TGFβ1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) groups compared to the MTA. …”
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Oral Tolerance: A New Tool for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Disorders and Liver-Directed Gene Therapy by Yaron Ilan

“…In both models, tolerized animals developed an increase in transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, and a decrease in the mRNA of interferon-gamma lymphocytes and serum levels. …”
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Membrane Bound CRT Fragment Accelerates Tumor Growth of Melanoma B16 Cell In Vivo through Promoting M2 Polarization via TLR4 by Hong-Min Wang, Zhe Zhou, Jie Miao, Bo Zhu, Xiao-Qiu Dai, Qiao Zhong, Fang-Yuan Gong, Xiao-Ming Gao

“…Consistent with the in vivo results, B16-tmCRT/39-272 promoted macrophage polarization toward F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages and promoted transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) secretion in vitro, which could promote naïve CD4+T cell differentiation into Tregs. …”
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The Expression of miR-192 and Its Significance in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients with Different Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio by Xiaoyu Ma, Canlu Lu, Chuan Lv, Can Wu, Qiuyue Wang

“…The serum miR-192 levels were detected by Real-Time PCR and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. …”
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