Racial differences in takotsubo cardiomyopathy outcomes in a large nationwide sample by Raja Zaghlol, Amit K. Dey, Sameer Desale, Ana Barac

“…Patients with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome were excluded to reduce selection bias. Caucasians were compared with African Americans (AA) for differences in baseline characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes. …”
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Burden of micronutrient deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis by Sanjay Kalra, Shiv Dutt Gupta, Daya Krishan Mangal, Diksha Gautam, Anuj Kumar Pandey, Nida Shaikh, Himanshu Tolani, Yeshwanth Sonnathi, Kamlesh Chand Sharma, Jagdish Prasad, Rajeev Tewari, Fahmina Anwar

“…These studies were hospital based and the findings of this systematic review may be used with caution due to inherent selection bias. Diversity of foods, lifestyle choices and cultural practices may contribute to geographic variations in micronutrient deficiency.Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42023439780.…”
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Cross-Platform Ecological Momentary Assessment App (JTrack-EMA+): Development and Usability Study by Mehran Sahandi Far, Jona M Fischer, Svea Senge, Robin Rathmakers, Thomas Meissner, Dominik Schneble, Mamaka Narava, Simon B Eickhoff, Juergen Dukart

“…Deficiencies in these areas can contribute to selection bias by excluding participants with unsupported devices or limited digital literacy, increase development and maintenance costs, and extend deployment timelines. …”
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Longitudinal performance trajectories for youth female and male soccer players: 10m-sprint percentile curves adapted to biological age by Julia Hernandez, Chantal Widmer, Stephen Cobley, Dennis-Peter Born, Wolfgang Taube, Michael Romann

“…The incorporation of biological age, as compared to chronological age, is intended to enable a more equitable assessment of physical potential and to reduce selection bias. The goal was to create an evidence-based tool for coaches and researchers to establish realistic benchmarks, model predictions, a support athlete development. …”
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Network Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Comparing Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Open Pancreatoduodenectomy by Nejo Joseph, MBChB, Chris Varghese, MBChB, James Lucocq, MBChB, Matthew J. McGuinness, MBChB, Samuel Tingle, MBChB, Giovanni Marchegiani, PhD, Kjetil Soreide, PhD, Mohammed Abu-Hilal, Jas Samra, Marc Besselink, PhD, Steve White, Sanjay Pandanaboyana, FRCS

“…However, few studies demonstrated robust statistical significance in outcome measures, suggesting an underpowered evidence base and possible selection bias. Hence, with current equivocal data, there is a need for ongoing RCTs to validate the role of minimally invasive approaches in PD.…”
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Impact of scaling up of kangaroo mother care on neonatal mortality among babies born with birth weight by Tinku Thomas, Arin Kar, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Prem Mony, Suman P N Rao, Maryann Washington, Prabhu Deva Gowda, Swaroop Narayana, Shashidhar Rao, Mohan Harnahalli Lakkappa

“…The RR of mortality among KMC-initiated babies remained low at 0.05 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.08) after adjusting for covariates and propensity-score adjusted analysis to address selection bias. Among 874 babies with follow-up data till 29 days of life, neonatal mortality rate was 24.4% (95% CI 21.6% to 27.3%); it was 6.4% (95% CI 4.7% to 8.6%) among KMC-initiated babies and 74.8% (95% CI 67.8% to 79.1%) among non-initiated babies (n=233).Conclusion KMC implementation across a district was associated with substantial reduction in neonatal mortality. …”
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Real-world outcomes in patients with melanoma brain metastasis: a US multisite retrospective chart review study of systemic treatments by Ning Ning, Sunandana Chandra, Andriy Moshyk, Divya Patel, Isabella C Glitza Oliva, Jennell Palaia, Leon A Sakkal, Natalia Han, Shardul Odak, Jordana K Schmier

“…However, the observed benefit may have been due to confounding and selection bias, given that patients receiving nivolumab plus ipilimumab had favourable baseline prognostic factors compared with patients receiving anti-PD-1 monotherapy or BRAF/MEK inhibitors.…”
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Implementation of Accurate and Fast DNA Cytometry by Confocal Microscopy in 3D by Lennert S. Ploeger, André Huisman, Jurryt van der Gugten, Dionne M. van der Giezen, Jeroen A. M. Beliën, Abdelhadi Y. Abbaker, Hub F. J. Dullens, William Grizzle, Neal M. Poulin, Gerrit A. Meijer, Paul J. van Diest

“…Standard approaches that measure DNA content of isolated cells may induce selection bias and do not allow interpretation of genomic instability in the context of the tissue. …”
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Can primary care research be conducted more efficiently using routinely reported practice-level data: a cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in England? by Jeremy Horwood, Alastair D Hay, Patricia Jane Lucas, Clare Clement, Peter S Blair, Jodi Taylor, Christie Cabral, Martin C Gulliford, Jenny Ingram, Padraig Dixon, Nick Francis, Athene Lane, Grace Young, Elizabeth Beech, Penny Seume, Scott Bevan, Sam T Creavin

“…Objectives Conducting randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in primary care is challenging; recruiting patients during time-limited or remote consultations can increase selection bias and physical access to patients’ notes is costly and time-consuming. …”
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Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Importance of Sampling in a Quantitative Statistical Study by Lara Engelke, Claudia Calvano, Steffi Pohl, Sibylle Maria Winter, Babette Renneberg

“…Furthermore, if data on the distribution of these explanatory variables in the population are available, it becomes possible to adjust for sample selection bias.…”
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Peroral Endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in pediatric achalasia: a retrospective cohort on institutional experience and quality of life by Thijs Kuipers, Carlijn Mussies, Aaltje Lei, Gwen M.C. Masclee, Marc A. Benninga, Paul Fockens, Barbara A.J. Bastiaansen, Albert J. Bredenoord, Michiel P. van Wijk

“…These lower scores could be related to a selection bias, as more severe patients received POEM, and other influences such as the Corona pandemic. …”
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Evaluation of variation in special educational needs provision and its impact on health and education using administrative records for England: umbrella protocol for a mixed-method... by Stuart Logan, Ruth Gilbert, Tamsin Ford, Johnny Downs, Jugnoo Rahi, Ania Zylbersztejn, Katie Harron, Kate Boddy, Bianca De Stavola, Vincent Nguyen, Isaac Winterburn, Kate Lewis, Lucy Karwatowska, Lorraine Dearden, Sarah Barnes, Jacob Matthews, Matthew Lilliman, Jennifer Saxton, Antony Stone, Kristine Black-Hawkins

“…WP3 assesses the impact of SEN provision on health and education outcomes for specific health phenotypes using a range of causal inference methods to account for confounding factors and possible selection bias. In WP4 we review local policies and synthesise findings from surveys, interviews and focus groups of service users and providers to understand factors associated with variation in and experiences of identification, assessment and provision for SEN. …”
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Methodological challenges using routine clinical care data for real-world evidence: a rapid review utilizing a systematic literature search and focus group discussion by Michelle Pfaffenlehner, Max Behrens, Daniela Zöller, Kathrin Ungethüm, Kai Günther, Viktoria Rücker, Jens-Peter Reese, Peter Heuschmann, Miriam Kesselmeier, Flavia Remo, André Scherag, Harald Binder, Nadine Binder, for the EVA4MII project

“…Limitations of this type of data cited in the discussion sections were extracted and classified according to different bias types: main bias categories in non-randomized studies (information bias, reporting bias, selection bias, confounding) and additional routine data-specific challenges (i.e., operationalization, coding, follow-up, missing data, validation, and data quality). …”
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Prediction of Causative Genes in Inherited Retinal Disorders from Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Utilizing Deep Learning Techniques by Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa, Nikolas Pontikos, Lizhu Yang, Kazushige Tsunoda, Kazutoshi Yoshitake, Takeshi Iwata, Hiroaki Miyata, Kaoru Fujinami, on behalf of Japan Eye Genetics Consortium

“…This process was repeated four times with random assignment to training and test sets to control for selection bias. For each training/testing process, the classification accuracy was calculated per gene category. …”
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Changes in alcohol consumption among Belgian adults participating in the internet-based one-month-abstinence campaign ‘Tournée Minérale’ by Annelies Thienpondt, Jelle Van Cauwenberg, Joris Van Damme, Gera E. Nagelhout, Benedicte Deforche

“…Future research with a stronger study design is needed to rule out possible bias (e.g., selection bias, seasonal effects or regression to the mean) and to examine mechanisms and longer term effects of TACs.…”
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Optimising Access Surgery in Senior Haemodialysis Patients (OASIS): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial by Patrick WHE Vriens, Edith M Willigendael, Maarten A Lijkwan, Friedo W Dekker, Chava L Ramspek, Michiel W de Haan, Çaĝdaş Ünlü, Boudewijn DC Heggen, Koen E A van der Bogt, Marc H Hemmelder, Mickaël J C Hiligsmann, Magda M van Loon, Joris I Rotmans, Jan H M Tordoir, Geert Willem H Schurink, Maarten G J Snoeijs, Marijke J Molegraaf, Philippe WM Cuypers, Denise Nio, Cora H Arts, Jacobien C Verhave, Goos D Laverman, Aron S Bode, Marcel C Weijmer, Bas Govaert, Aaltje Y Adema, Gijs MJM Welten, Michel MPJ Reijnen, Marc JH Groeneveld, Hans S Brink, Jeroen B van der Net, Arno Kuijper, Hilde PE Peters, Roos C van Nieuwenhuizen, Rombout R Kruse, Yvonne C Schrama, Karina A de Groot, Karima Farhat

“…Introduction Current evidence on vascular access strategies for haemodialysis patients is based on observational studies that are at high risk of selection bias. For elderly patients, autologous arteriovenous fistulas that are typically created in usual care may not be the best option because a significant proportion of fistulas either fail to mature or remain unused. …”
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Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptation of Lagos Coastal Communities to Flooding by Prince Emeka Ndimele, Akinloye Emmanuel Ojewole, Gabriel Olarinde Mekuleyi, Lateef Akorede Badmos, Christopher Monday Agosu, Emmanuel Sunday Olatunbosun, Oluseyi Olaide Lawal, Jamiu Adebayo Shittu, Olufemi Olabode Joseph, Kehinde Moyosola Ositimehin, Felix Chinsom Ndimele, Catherine Oluwalopeye Ojewole, Iman Olawunmi Abdulganiy, Odunayo Temitope Ayodele

“…A broad search strategy involving databases (Google scholar, Science Direct), pertinent keywords and search filters was used to identify relevant articles and minimize selection bias. After the search, PICO criteria was again used to select the studies to be considered in the review. …”
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Growth, physical, and cognitive function in children who are born HIV-free: School-age follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial in rural Zimbabwe. by Joe D Piper, Clever Mazhanga, Marian Mwapaura, Gloria Mapako, Idah Mapurisa, Tsitsi Mashedze, Eunice Munyama, Maria Kuona, Thombizodwa Mashiri, Kundai Sibanda, Dzidzai Matemavi, Monica Tichagwa, Soneni Nyoni, Asinje Saidi, Manasa Mangwende, Dzivaidzo Chidhanguro, Eddington Mpofu, Joice Tome, Gabriel Mbewe, Batsirai Mutasa, Bernard Chasekwa, Handrea Njovo, Chandiwana Nyachowe, Mary Muchekeza, Kuda Mutasa, Virginia Sauramba, Ceri Evans, Melissa J Gladstone, Jonathan C Wells, Elizabeth Allen, Melanie Smuk, Jean H Humphrey, Lisa F Langhaug, Naume V Tavengwa, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J Prendergast

“…The main limitation of our study was the restriction to one of two previous study districts, with possible survivor and selection bias.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In this study, we found that CBHF had reductions in cognitive function compared to CHU at 7 years of age across multiple domains. …”
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Results from an Australopithecus africanus dental enamel fragment confirm the potential of palaeoproteomics for South African Plio-Pleistocene fossil sites by Palesa P. Madupe, Fazeelah Munir, Marc Dickinson, Alberto J. Taurozzi, Meaghan Mackie, Mirriam Tawane, Catherine Mollereau, Nomawethu Hlazo, Kirsty Penkman, Lauren Schroeder, Clément Zanolli, Jesper V. Olsen, Rebecca R. Ackermann, Enrico Cappellini

“…However, the incompleteness of the fossil record, sample selection bias and taphonomic condition of the specimens themselves constrain interpretations of diversity and variation within and between species. …”
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The significance of isolated de novo red patches in the bladder in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer: Results from the IDENTIFY study by Sinan Khadhouri, Kevin Gallagher, Kenneth R. MacKenzie, Taimur T. Shah, Chuanyu Gao, Eleanor Zimmermann, Miles Mannas, Taeweon Lee, Giancarlo Marra, Juan Gomez Rivas, Gautier Marcq, Mark A. Assmus, Taha Ucar, Francesco Claps, Matteo Boltri, Giuseppe Pizzuto, Tara Burnhope, Nkwam Nkwam, George Tanasescu, Nicholas E. Boxall, Alison P. Downey, Troy A. Sukhu, Marta Antón‐Juanilla, Sonpreet Rai, Madeline Moore, Kathryn Bandeira de Mello, Sian Parsons, John S. McGrath, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, IDENTIFY Study Group: Pubmed indexed collaborator authors

“…Limitations included subjectivity in classifying a suspicious patch and selection bias as not all patches were biopsied. Conclusions Many patients still undergo unnecessary biopsies under general anaesthetic for isolated de novo red patches. …”
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