PMDNet: An Improved Object Detection Model for Wheat Field Weed by Zhengyuan Qi, Jun Wang

“…Under the stricter mAP@0.50:0.95 metric, PMDNet reached 69.6%, surpassing Faster-RCNN by 16.7% and RetinaNet by 13.1%. Real-world video detection tests further validated PMDNet’s practicality, achieving 87.7 FPS and demonstrating high precision in detecting weeds in complex backgrounds and small targets. …”
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Profil Tingkat Keparahan Retinopati Diabetik Dengan Atau Tanpa Hipertensi pada di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang by Putri Nirmala Dewi, Fadrian Fadrian, Havriza Vitresia

“…Retinopati diabetik merupakan komplikasi mikrovaskular dari Diabetes Melitus (DM) berupa mikroangiopati progresif yang ditandai oleh kerusakan mikrovaskular pada retina. Retinopati diabetik menempati urutan ke-4 sebagai penyebab kebutaan secara global setelah katarak, glukoma, dan degenerasi makula. …”
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Essential Role of Thioredoxin 2 in Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Retinal Epithelial Cells by Eriko Sugano, Namie Murayama, Maki Takahashi, Kitako Tabata, Makoto Tamai, Hiroshi Tomita

“…The retina is constantly subjected to oxidative stress, which is countered by potent antioxidative systems present in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. …”
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The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging by sustaining proteasome activity. by Liam C Hunt, Michelle Curley, Kudzai Nyamkondiwa, Anna Stephan, Jianqin Jiao, Kanisha Kavdia, Vishwajeeth R Pagala, Junmin Peng, Fabio Demontis

“…Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the Drosophila retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation. …”
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Correlation of Macular Focal Electroretinogram with Ellipsoid Zone Extension in Stargardt Disease by Edoardo Abed, Giorgio Placidi, Luigi Calandriello, Marco Piccardi, Francesca Campagna, Matteo Bertelli, Angelo Maria Minnella, Maria Cristina Savastano, Benedetto Falsini

“…This disease is characterized by a progressive accumulation of lipofuscin in the outer retina and subsequent loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. …”
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Contributes to the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy by Hui Wang, Haojun Shi, Jing Zhang, Guoliang Wang, Jinxiang Zhang, Fagang Jiang, Qing Xiao

“…Grafting bone marrow-derived cells from TLR4 WT mice into TLR4 mutant mice increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 and increased the damage to the retina. Similarly, VEGF and HIF-1α expression were restored by the bone marrow transplantation. …”
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Evaluation of the Macular, Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer and Choroid Thickness Changes in Behçet’s Disease with Spectral-Domain OCT by Mustafa Ataş, İsa Yuvacı, Süleyman Demircan, Emel Güler, Orhan Altunel, Emine Pangal, Altan Göktaş, Serap Sütbeyaz, Gökmen Zararsız

“…Eighty patients with BD and 40 healthy controls who were followed up at the Uveitis and Retina Clinic of the Kayseri Research and Education Hospital in Turkey were enrolled in this prospective study. …”
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Inpatient and Emergency Room Ophthalmology Consultations at a Tertiary Care Center by Daniel J. Oh, Levi N. Kanu, Judy L. Chen, Ahmad A. Aref, William F. Mieler, Peter W. MacIntosh

“…Amongst the ophthalmic subspecialties, neuro-ophthalmologic diagnoses were the most common (32.0%), followed by retina (20.1%) and cornea (19.4%). Neuro-ophthalmology had the highest proportion of screening consultations (36.6%), while glaucoma had the least overall number of consultations (10.1%), and the least proportion of screening consultations (3.6%). …”
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Automated Detection of Macular Diseases by Optical Coherence Tomography and Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning of Optical Coherence Tomography Images by Soichiro Kuwayama, Yuji Ayatsuka, Daisuke Yanagisono, Takaki Uta, Hideaki Usui, Aki Kato, Noriaki Takase, Yuichiro Ogura, Tsutomu Yasukawa

“…The purpose of this study is to test deep learning with image augmentation for automated detection of chorioretinal diseases. Methods. A retina specialist diagnosed 1,200 OCT images. The diagnoses involved normal eyes (n=570) and those with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n=136), diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n=104), epiretinal membranes (ERMs) (n=90), and another 19 diseases. …”
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Investigation of PACAP Fragments and Related Peptides in Chronic Retinal Hypoperfusion by Dora Werling, Dora Reglodi, Peter Kiss, Gabor Toth, Krisztina Szabadfi, Andrea Tamas, Zsolt Biro, Tamas Atlasz

“…Retinal ischemia can be effectively modelled by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), which causes chronic hypoperfusion-induced degeneration in the entire rat retina. The retinoprotective effect of PACAP 1-38 and VIP is well-established in ischemic retinopathy. …”
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Experience with the use of glucocorticosteroid implants in patients with macular edema associated with sarcoidosis. by V.A. Pavlov, E.V. Kryukov, D.V. Davydov, A.A. Zaytsev, V.E. Kurnosov

“…Average visual acuity after 6 months. was 0.7±0.1, the thickness of the retina in the central zone was 331±15 μm. Conclusion.According to the results of the study, it was found that intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant in its effectiveness surpasses the previously used peribulbar injections of betamethasone in terms of the quality of restoration of visual functions, the effectiveness of reducing macular edema and the duration of remission of the chronic inflammatory process.…”
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Associations between choroidal thickness and rate of axial elongation in orthokeratology lens users by Riping Zhang, Suoqing Zhuang, Youming Zhou, Man Pan Chin, Lixia Sun, Vishal Jhanji, Mingzhi Zhang

“…ChT in nine regions of the retina was evaluated using optical coherence tomography. …”
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Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment with Bevacizumab Does Not Depend on the Retinal Nonperfusion Presence by Bogumiła Sędziak-Marcinek, Sławomir Teper, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Adam Wylęgała, Mateusz Marcinek, Mateusz Bas, Edward Wylęgała

“…The effect of the therapy measured with vascular leakage, MA count, BCVArelative, and CSTrelative strongly depended on the zone of the retina and the NPA distribution. We conclude that the bevacizumab treatment had a positive effect on DME and BCVA in both study groups and on the size of retinal NPA in patients with retinal nonperfusion.…”
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Silicone Oil Emulsification after Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment by Jian Yu, Yuan Zong, Chunhui Jiang, Haohao Zhu, Guohua Deng, Gezhi Xu

“…A total of 38 patients (23 males, 15 females) who underwent primary PPV with SO injection for RRD and whose retina stayed attached for ≥3 months after SO removal were included in the study. …”
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Fundus camera-based precision monitoring of blood vitamin A level for Wagyu cattle using deep learning by Nanding Li, Naoshi Kondo, Yuichi Ogawa, Keiichiro Shiraga, Mizuki Shibasaki, Daniele Pinna, Moriyuki Fukushima, Shinichi Nagaoka, Tateshi Fujiura, Xuehong De, Tetsuhito Suzuki

“…Researchers have been exploring eye photography monitoring methods for cattle blood vitamin A levels based on the relation between vitamin A and retina colour changes. But previous endeavours cannot realise real-time monitoring and their prediction accuracy still need improvement in a practical sense. …”
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Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children by Henry Ho-lung Chan, Sonia Seen-hang Chan, Kai Yip Choi

“…Cross-sectional investigations revealed associations between ERG, age, SER and AL, which were speculated to further implicate the role of retina in refractive error development.…”
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ERK5 Contributes to VEGF Alteration in Diabetic Retinopathy by Yuexiu Wu, Yufeng Zuo, Rana Chakrabarti, Biao Feng, Shali Chen, Subrata Chakrabarti

“…On the other hand, constitutively active MEK5, an activator of ERK5, increased ERK5 activation and ERK5 and KLF2 mRNA expression and attenuated basal- and glucose-induced VEGF mRNA expression. In the retina of diabetic rats, depletion of ERK5, KLF2 and upregulation of VEGF mRNA were demonstrated. …”
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The Place of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Therapeutics: A “Me Too” or “the Special One” Antidiabetic Class? by Ricardo Godinho, Cristina Mega, Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos, Eugénia Carvalho, Frederico Teixeira, Rosa Fernandes, Flávio Reis

“…In addition, other cytoprotective effects on other organs/tissues that are involved in serious T2DM complications, including the heart, kidney, and retina, have been increasingly reported. This review outlines the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM, focusing on their main features, clinical applications, and risks, and discusses the major challenges for the future, in particular the possibility of becoming the preferred therapy for T2DM due to their ability to modify the natural history of the disease and ameliorate nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications.…”
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Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, and Loss of Hyaluronic Acid in the Human Vitreous Affected by Synchysis Scintillans by Loredana Bergandi, Oleksii A Skorokhod, Rosalba La Grotta, Evelin Schwarzer, Raffaele Nuzzi

“…The data consistently show that synchisis scintillans is accompanied by a redox imbalance with increased oxidative modifications of 4-HNE proteins and loss of HA, both of likely importance for remote damages of the retina. It remains to be proven whether a therapeutic strategy which targets oxidative stress may be effective in the treatment of synchysis patients.…”
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iPSC-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Allografts Do Not Elicit Detrimental Effects in Rats: A Follow-Up Study by Peter D. Westenskow, Felicitas Bucher, Stephen Bravo, Toshihide Kurihara, Daniel Feitelberg, Liliana P. Paris, Edith Aguilar, Jonathan H. Lin, Martin Friedlander

“…Phototransduction is accomplished in the retina by photoreceptor neurons and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. …”
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