Developing patient reported outcome measures for children with cancer: A current perspective by Madeleine Adams, Rachel M. Taylor

“…Children differ from adults both medically and developmentally meaning that specific factors should be considered including age and developmental ability, use of proxy/observer reports and mode of administration. Best practice guidelines outline the methodology for developing the content of a new PROM as well as assessing psychometric properties. …”
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A global Data Assimilation of Moisture Patterns from 21 000–0 BP (DAMP-21ka) using lake level proxy records by C. L. Hancock, M. P. Erb, N. P. McKay, S. G. Dee, R. F. Ivanovic

“…The data assimilation framework is able to reconcile these differences by integrating the constraints of proxy observations with the dynamics of the model prior to produce a more robust estimation of hydroclimate variability during the past 21 000 years.…”
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Latitude Quenching Nonlinearity in the Solar Dynamo by Anthony R. Yeates, Luca Bertello, Alexander A. Pevtsov, Alexei A. Pevtsov

“…Further, we use proxy observations of the polar field from faculae to construct a best-fit surface flux transport model driven by our database of emerging regions. …”
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Data quality in centenarian research: The proxy-centenarian relationship and item nonresponse in the SWISS100 study. by Daniele Zaccaria, Justine Falciola, Barbara Masotti, Armin von Gunten, François Herrmann, Daniela S Jopp, Stefano Cavalli

“…<h4>Results</h4>We noted differences between centenarians participating themselves in interviews and those represented by proxies, observing higher proportions of men and private home residents in the self-report group. …”
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Assessment of the efficacy of palliative sedation in advanced cancer patients by evaluating discomfort levels: a prospective, international, multicenter observational study by Maaike Rijpstra, Kris Vissers, Alazne Belar, Michael Van der Elst, Séverine Marie Surges, Claudio Adile, Rocío Rojí, Yasmine Grassi, Ewald Bronkhorst, Sebastiano Mercadante, Lukas Radbruch, Johan Menten, Carlos Centeno, Evelien Kuip, Jeroen Hasselaar

“…Health care professionals used proxy observations of discomfort levels (Discomfort Scale-Dementia of Alzheimer Type, range 0–27) and sedation/agitation levels (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale modified for palliative care inpatients), range − 5 to + 4) to evaluate the efficacy of palliative sedation. …”
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