Differences in hair cortisol to cortisone ratio between depressed and non-depressed adolescent women by Yasmine Zerroug, Marie-France Marin, Elyse Porter-Vignola, Patricia Garel, Catherine M. Herba

“…Research on stress has demonstrated that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis contributes to major depressive disorder in youth. …”
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A Co-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimizing Deep Learning for Brain Tumor Classification by Abdelmgeid A. Ali, Mohamed T. Hammad, Hassan S. Hassan

“…Specifically, we utilize EfficientNetB3 and DenseNet121 pre-trained models in conjunction with the Co-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (CEGA) to classify brain tumors into four categories: gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, and no tumors. CEGA optimizes the hyperparameters, improving both convergence speed and accuracy. …”
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Antidepressive Therapy: Shocking Relations by Peter Rotheneichner, Simona Lange, Anna O’Sullivan, Julia Marschallinger, Pia Zaunmair, Christian Geretsegger, Ludwig Aigner, Sebastien Couillard-Despres

“…Following application of electroconvulsive shocks, intricate interactions between neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and microglia activation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the secretion of neurotrophic factors have been documented. …”
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Chemicals That Disrupt the Endocrine System and Their Effects on Behavior by Yousaf Khan1, Abdul Sattar1, Syed Amin Ullah1, Zia-Ur-Rehman2, Hakimullah3, Madeeha Bibi4, Hina Sarfraz1, Anila Mukhtiar1

“…They are specifically ductless glands and their course of action is regulated by a pea size Pituitary gland or sometimes referred as the Master Gland. …”
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Neuroendocrine Alterations in Obese Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Fabio Lanfranco, Giovanna Motta, Marco Alessandro Minetto, Matteo Baldi, Marcella Balbo, Ezio Ghigo, Emanuela Arvat, Mauro Maccario

“…A disrupted Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity has been described in OSAS. …”
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High-Fat Diet Augments VPAC1 Receptor-Mediated PACAP Action on the Liver, Inducing LAR Expression and Insulin Resistance by Masanori Nakata, Boyang Zhang, Yifei Yang, Takashi Okada, Norihito Shintani, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Toshihiko Yada

“…Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) acts on multiple processes of glucose and energy metabolism. …”
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A Meta-Analysis on Quantitative Sodium, Potassium and Chloride Metabolism in Horses and Ponies by Isabelle Maier, Ellen Kienzle

“…Three studies involved ponies that were later diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). These were compared with other data to identify quantitative differences, as they may have clinical significance. …”
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CONDITION OF HORMONAL STATUS OF THE BODY IN WHITE RATS UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO SODIUM FLUORIDE by I.Yu. Bagmut, I.L. Kolisnyk, S.I. Kryzhna, A.V. Titkova, L.Yu. Svyrydenko

“…At all levels of the study of the endocrine system, deep shifts in the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-cortical substance of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and sympatho-adrenal structures have been identified. …”
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Adrenal Insufficiency in Cystic Fibrosis: A Rare Phenomenon? by Sébastien Préville-Ratelle, Adèle Coriati, Aurélie Ménard, Isabelle Bourdeau, François Tremblay, Yves Berthiaume

“…The frequent use of glucocorticoids (inhaled or systemic) may induce the long-term suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Methods. We reviewed the results of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests done over a 10-year period to evaluate adrenal function in 69 CF patients of the CHUM CF clinic. …”
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The Role of Prolactin as a Disease Activity Indicator in Some Rheumatic Diseases by Mohamed Ismail Abdelkarem, HM Fayed, Wael Abd El-Mohsen Abady, Eman Abulhagag Mohammed Mahmoud

“…Prolactin (PRL), a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and lymphocytes, significantly affects immune regulation and is implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases. …”
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Investigation of PACAP Fragments and Related Peptides in Chronic Retinal Hypoperfusion by Dora Werling, Dora Reglodi, Peter Kiss, Gabor Toth, Krisztina Szabadfi, Andrea Tamas, Zsolt Biro, Tamas Atlasz

“…Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has neuroprotective effects in different neuronal and retinal injuries. …”
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A blinded comparison of fluticasone propionate with budesonide via powder devices in adult patients with moderate-to-severe asthma: a clinical evaluation by N. Ringdal, P. Swinburn, R. Backman, P. Plaschke, A. P. Sips, P. Kjaersgaard, G. Bratten, T. A. J. Harris

“…The geometric mean ratios of serum cortisol levels were found to be 1.03 for FP, indicating no mean hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from baseline, and 0.93 for BUD (p = 0.0002 compared with FP). …”
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Effects of Whole-Body 50-Hz Magnetic Field Exposure on Mouse Leydig Cells by Zsolt Forgács, Zoltán Somosy, Györgyi Kubinyi, Hanna Sinay, Jozsef Bakos, György Thuróczy, András Surján, Aranka Hudák, Ferenc Olajos, Péter Lázár

“…No MF exposurerelated histopathological alterations were found in testicles, epididymes, adrenals, prostates, and pituitary glands. The MF exposure did not affect the animal growth rate and the observed hematologic and serum chemical variables. …”
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Impact of dapagliflozin on metabolic phenotype, hormone levels, and fertility in female mice after prolonged high-fat diet by Xiaolin Chen, Zhuoni Xiao, Na Dai, Mingxia Fan

“…Throughout the experiment period, dapagliflozin exhibited favorable effects on reproductive function along with insulin sensitivity and luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary gland.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study demonstrates that dapagliflozin alleviated HFD-induced reproductive dysfunction independently of obesity, peripheral tissue insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation, suggesting its potential as a promising treatment for diet-related ovulation disorders.…”
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PBVit: A Patch-Based Vision Transformer for Enhanced Brain Tumor Detection by Pratikkumar Chauhan, Munindra Lunagaria, Deepak Kumar Verma, Krunal Vaghela, Ghanshyam G. Tejani, Sunil Kumar Sharma, Ahmad Raza Khan

“…Brain Tumor holds a significant holds in human health, classified into three primary types: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors. Early detection and accurate classification are vital for effective diagnosis and lowering healthcare costs. …”
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Comparing the Rates of Further Resection After Intraoperative MRI Visualisation of Residual Tumour Between Brain Tumour Subtypes: A 17-Year Single-Centre Experience by Daniel Madani, R. Dineth Fonseka, Sihyong Jake Kim, Patrick Tang, Krishna Muralidharan, Nicholas Chang, Johnny Wong

“…RESULTS: A total of 574 cases were identified, including 152 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 108 high-grade gliomas (HGG), 194 pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs), 15 metastases, and 6 meningiomas. …”
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Action Mechanisms of Metformin Combined with Exenatide and Metformin Only in the Treatment of PCOS in Obese Patients by Jingwen Gan, Jie Chen, Rui-lin Ma, Yan Deng, Xue-song Ding, Shi-yang Zhu, Ai-jun Sun

“…The COM group may act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPO) and its bypass, regulate multiple metabolism pathways such as phospholipids, amino acids, fatty acids, carnitine, bile acids, and glucose directly or indirectly in obese PCOS patients.…”
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Inflammatory Pain and Corticosterone Response in Infant Rats: Effect of 5-HT1A Agonist Buspirone Prior to Gestational Stress by Irina P. Butkevich, Viktor A. Mikhailenko, Tat'yana R. Bagaeva, Elena A. Vershinina, Anna Maria Aloisi, Vladimir A. Otellin

“…The serotonergic system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are closely interrelated. …”
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A study looking at how missed somatropin injections affect growth in children with growth hormone deficiency: a plain language summary of publication by Jane Loftus, Bradley S. Miller, Craig S. Parzynski, Jose Alvir, Yong Chen, Priti Jhingran, Anu Gupta, Mitch DeKoven, Victoria Divino, Jenny Tse, Jing He, Michael Wajnrajch

“…Growth hormone - a protein made in the pituitary gland that helps the body grow properly. …”
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The neuroendocrine stress-response in insects: the history of the development of the concept by M. A. Eremina, N. E. Gruntenko

“…The lack of a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in insects was considered a proof of their inability to develop a stress reaction of the warm-blooded animals’ type. …”
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