Penile Reconstruction in Aphallia: Modification of the De Castro Technique With Large Tissue Expander by Joanna Chen, BA, Catherine H. Bautista, BS, Ashraf Patel, MD, Mackenzie M. French, MD, Anna Mienko, BS, Anthony J. Schaeffer, MD, MPH, M. Chad Wallis, MD, Barbu Gociman, MD, PhD

“…Neophallus reconstruction using the De Castro phalloplasty technique is currently the most accepted treatment modality for this condition. …”
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Penile Anomalies in Adolescence by Dan Wood, Christopher Woodhouse

“…Topical treatments may be of value, but in extreme cases, phalloplasty is a valuable option for patients to consider. …”
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The 2011 WPATH Standards of Care and Penile Reconstruction in Female-to-Male Transsexual Individuals by Gennaro Selvaggi, Cecilia Dhejne, Mikael Landen, Anna Elander

“…Depending by an individual’s goals and expectations, the most appropriate surgical technique should be performed: the clinic performing penile reconstruction should be able to offer the whole range of techniques, such as: metoidioplasty, pedicle and free flaps phalloplasty procedures. The goals that physicians and health care institutions should achieve in the next years, in order to improve the care of female-to-male persons, consist in: informing in details the individuals applying for penile reconstruction about all the implications; referring specific individuals to centers capable to deliver a particular surgical technique; implementing the surgery with the most updated refinements.…”
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