Febrile Seizures and Febrile Seizure Syndromes: An Updated Overview of Old and Current Knowledge by Abdulhafeez M. Khair, Dalal Elmagrabi

“…Their etiology and pathophysiological pathways are being understood better over time; however, there is still more to learn. …”
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Small-Molecule Hormones: Molecular Mechanisms of Action by Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka, Eliza Pawlik-Pachucka, Magdalena Owczarz, Monika Budzińska, Jacek Polosak

“…Nuclear hormone receptors interact with coactivators, corepressors, basal transcription factors, and other transcription factors in order to modulate the activity of target genes in a manner that is dependent on tissue, age and developmental and pathophysiological states. The biological effect of this mechanism becomes apparent not earlier than 30–60 minutes after hormonal stimulus. …”
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Insulin resistance compromises midbrain organoid neuronal activity and metabolic efficiency predisposing to Parkinson’s disease pathology by Alise Zagare, Janis Kurlovics, Catarina Almeida, Daniele Ferrante, Daniela Frangenberg, Armelle Vitali, Gemma Gomez-Giro, Christian Jäger, Paul Antony, Rashi Halder, Rejko Krüger, Enrico Glaab, Egils Stalidzans, Giuseppe Arena, Jens C Schwamborn

“…Studies show that insulin resistance, which is the driving pathophysiological mechanism of T2D plays a major role in neurodegeneration by impairing neuronal functionality, metabolism and survival. …”
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Connection between oral health and chronic diseases by Di Fu, Xingyue Shu, Ge Zhou, Mengzhen Ji, Ga Liao, Ling Zou

“…Additionally, novel insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms governing these relationships are presented. …”
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Pascal Rowart, Pauline Erpicum, Olivier Detry, Laurent Weekers, Céline Grégoire, Chantal Lechanteur, Alexandra Briquet, Yves Beguin, Jean-Marie Krzesinski, François Jouret

“…Particularly, the duration of blood supply deprivation has been recognized as a critical factor in stroke, hemorrhagic shock, or myocardial infarction, as well as in solid organ transplantation (SOT). Pathophysiologically, IRI causes multiple cellular and tissular metabolic and architectural changes. …”
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PAI-1: An Integrator of Cell Signaling and Migration by Ralf-Peter Czekay, Cynthia E. Wilkins-Port, Stephen P. Higgins, Jennifer Freytag, Jessica M. Overstreet, R. Matthew Klein, Craig E. Higgins, Rohan Samarakoon, Paul J. Higgins

“…., vitronectin), the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), and the uPA/uPA receptor complex have dramatic consequences on the migratory phenotype and may underlie the pathophysiologic sequalae of PAI-1 deficiency and overexpression. …”
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Adipokines regulate the development and progression of MASLD through organellar oxidative stress by Ke Zhao, Heng Zhang, Wenyu Ding, Xiaoshuai Yu, Yanli Hou, Xihong Liu, Xinhua Li, Xiaolei Wang

“…The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which is increasingly being recognized as a leading cause of chronic liver pathology globally, is increasing. The pathophysiological underpinnings of its progression, which is currently under active investigation, involve oxidative stress. …”
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Analysis of a Functional IL-6 Gene Polymorphism in HLAB27 Associated and Intermediate Uveitis Gives New Insight in Disease Pathogenesis and Commonality with Other Autoimmune Diseas... by Lindner Ewald, Langner-Wegscheider Beate, Sarny Stephanie, Renner Wilfried, El-Shabrawi Yosuf

“…Given the functionality of the investigated polymorphism, new pathophysiological insights are gained that help to evaluate possible therapeutic targets.…”
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Role of T-Cell Polarization and Inflammation and Their Modulation by n-3 Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomia by A. Hichami, O. Grissa, I. Mrizak, C. Benammar, N. A. Khan

“…In this paper, we shed light on the role of T-cell malfunction that leads to an inflammatory and pathophysiological state, related to insulin resistance in GDM and macrosomia. …”
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Management recommendations to reduce cardiac risk in chronic epilepsy by Trudy D. Pang, Richard L. Verrier, Steven C. Schachter

“…Multifactorial lines of evidence in adults point to a critical linkage between chronic epilepsy and elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and premature cardiac death. Diverse pathophysiological processes appear to be involved that include accelerated atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, abnormal autonomic tone, heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and hyperlipidemia. …”
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Animal Models of Diabetic Retinopathy: Summary and Comparison by Angela Ka Wai Lai, Amy C. Y. Lo

“…Although clinical assessment and retinal autopsy of diabetic patients provide information on the features and progression of DR, its underlying pathophysiological mechanism cannot be deduced. In order to have a better understanding of the development of DR at the molecular and cellular levels, a variety of animal models have been developed. …”
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Transition from Hepatopulmonary Syndrome to Portopulmonary Hypertension: A Case Series of 3 Patients by Radhika Zopey, Irawan Susanto, Igor Barjaktarevic, Tisha Wang

“…Given these seemingly opposing pathophysiologic mechanisms, these conditions were traditionally felt to be mutually exclusive. …”
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Nanomaterials for targeted therapy of kidney diseases: Strategies and advances by Zhiwen Wang, Chun Zhang

“…Rationally designing and modifying nanomaterials based on the anatomical structure and pathophysiological environment of the kidney to achieve highly specific kidney-targeted nanomaterials or nanodrug delivery systems is both feasible and promising. …”
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Cognitive Impairments in Viral Hepatitis Patients: Causes, Manifestations, and Impact on Quality of Life by Tatyana Vasiliyevna Polukchi

“…Key areas covered include the pathophysiological mechanisms behind cognitive impairment in viral hepatitis, clinical manifestations observed in affected patients, the implications for their daily functioning and overall well-being, and the tools used in cognitive assessments. …”
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Understanding Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Gina Rutherford, Philip Manning, Julia L. Newton

“…Historically, there has been a tendency to draw psychological explanations for the origin of fatigue; however, this model is at odds with findings that fatigue and accompanying symptoms may be explained by central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms, including effects of the immune, oxidative, mitochondrial, and neuronal pathways. …”
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Prostanoid Receptors in the Human Vascular Wall by Xavier Norel

“…There is an accumulation of evidence for the involvement of prostanoids, the arachidonic acid metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase enzymatic pathway, in physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions. In humans, the prostanoids activate different receptors. …”
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Bariatric Surgery, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Infertility by James Butterworth, Jean Deguara, Cynthia-Michelle Borg

“…Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are key pathophysiological mechanisms behind PCOS. Women suffering from this syndrome and infertility often seek bariatric surgery hoping that they would be able to conceive postoperatively. …”
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Clinical Presentation of Preeclampsia and the Diagnostic Value of Proteins and Their Methylation Products as Biomarkers in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Their Newborns by Maria Portelli, Byron Baron

“…So far, a number of biomarkers have been proposed for predicting PE, based on pathophysiological observations, but these have mostly proven to be unreliable and inconsistent between different studies. …”
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Hypothesis: glyphosate-based herbicides can increase risk of hematopoietic malignancies through extended persistence in bone by Charles M. Benbrook

“…The hypothesis proposed here provides a plausible pathophysiologic basis for these observations relative, in particular, to blood cancers.…”
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Pediatric Functional Constipation: A New Challenge by Samina Khan Bashir, Muhammad Bashir Khan

“…Multiple complex pathophysiological mechanisms have been linked to childhood constipation, in which stool-withholding behavior is the most common factor. …”
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