Bladder Leiomyoma with Synchronous Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura by Charalampos Mavridis, George Georgiadis, Eleni D. Lagoudaki, Iordanis Skamagkas, Ioannis Heretis, Anastasios V. Koutsopoulos, Charalampos Mamoulakis

“…Bladder leiomyomas (BLs) are extremely rare benign tumors of mesenchymal origin. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to their appearance remain unclear including hormonal disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and fetal remnants in the bladder. …”
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Glucose metabolism impairment in major depressive disorder by Fanhao Meng, Jing Wang, Long Wang, Wei Zou

“…Herein, we summarized the impairment of glucose metabolism and its pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with MDD. In addition, we briefly discussed potential pharmacological interventions for glucose metabolism to alleviate MDD, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, metformin, topical insulin, liraglutide, and pioglitazone, to encourage the development of new therapeutics.…”
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Retroodontoid Pseudotumor Related to Development of Myelopathy Secondary to Atlantoaxial Instability on Os Odontoideum by M. Hamard, S. P. Martin, S. Boudabbous

“…Less frequently, ROP formation can develop with other noninflammatory entities, with atlantoaxial instability as most accepted pathophysiological mechanism for posttraumatic or degenerative ROP. …”
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Liposomal Antioxidants for Protection against Oxidant-Induced Damage by Zacharias E. Suntres

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, can be formed as normal products of aerobic metabolism and can be produced at elevated rates under pathophysiological conditions. Overproduction and/or insufficient removal of ROS result in significant damage to cell structure and functions. …”
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Primary Cardiac Lymphoma Presenting with Thrombocytopenia, Right Heart Failure, and Cardiogenic Shock by Samantha Kurniawan, Gita Mathur, Yvonne Bogun, Giselle Kidson-Gerber

“…This case also elucidates a potential pathophysiological association between PCL and thrombocytopenia.…”
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Biochemical Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (Seed) 80% Methanol Extract Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes in Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) Model by Ibrahim Hassan, Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim, Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuf, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Syahida Ahmad

“…Background. Pathophysiological changes leading to the death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. …”
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Melatonin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Modulating Inflammasome Activation by Gaia Favero, Lorenzo Franceschetti, Francesca Bonomini, Luigi Fabrizio Rodella, Rita Rezzani

“…Melatonin is an important antioxidant and also a widespread anti-inflammatory molecule, modulating both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different pathophysiological conditions. This review, first, gives an overview concerning the growing importance of melatonin in the inflammatory-mediated pathological conditions and, then, focuses on its roles and its protective effects against the activation of the inflammasomes and, in particular, of the NLRP3 inflammasome.…”
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Jehovah’s Witness Needing Critical Care: A Narrative Review on the Expanding Arsenal by Ryan Davids, Gareth Robinson, Charmé Van Tonder, Jordan Robinson, Nadiyah Ahmed, Abdurragmaan Domingo

“…The review to follow explores the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of severe anaemia. Non-blood transfusion practices are explored, many of which are potentially lifesaving. …”
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Exploring the Ancient Persian/Unani Theory of Connection between Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts: Current Evidence and Future Directions by Shahin Saeidinejat, Syed Mohd Abbas Zaidi, Alireza Ranjbar, Alireza Derakhshan

“…Numerous epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical evidence confirm the interrelationship and integrated functioning of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. …”
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Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy after Eye Injuries: An Overexpression of Growth Factors and Cytokines Leading to a Retinal Keloid by Francesco Morescalchi, Sarah Duse, Elena Gambicorti, Mario R. Romano, Ciro Costagliola, Francesco Semeraro

“…Knowledge of the pathobiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in posttraumatic PVR is increasing the possibilities of management, and it is hoped that in the future our treatment strategies will evolve, in particular adopting a multidrug approach, and become even more effective in vision recovery. …”
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The complexity of mucosal damage in gastroesophageal airway reflux disease: A molecular perspective by Sheng Chen, Min Wang, Shuai Zhang, Xin Huang, Xinke Sui, Dou Li, Changqing Zhong, Wei Wu

“…Thus, we reviewed the clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of GARD and probe the complexity of the pathogenesis of GARD-related mucosal inflammation from the aspects of microscopic changes and specific molecular mediators. …”
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Reversible Inferolateral ST-Segment Elevation Associated with Small Bowel Obstruction by Ankit Upadhyay, Sudheer Chauhan, Umair Jangda, Vipul Bodar, Ahmed Al-Chalabi

“…In addition, prompt resolution of ST-segment elevation was seen after surgical treatment. The pathophysiological etiology of electrocardiographic changes accompanying small bowel obstruction is yet to be explored.…”
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Recurrence of acne after treatment with systemic isotretinoin: causes and methods of prevention by Marina M. Tlish, Marina E. Shavilova

“…Despite this, the multifactorial etiology and complex pathophysiological processes of acne development determine the risk of relapse of the disease. …”
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A human oral commensal-mediated protection against Sjögren’s syndrome with maintenance of T cell immune homeostasis and improved oral microbiota by Yu-Chao Tseng, Kai-Sheng Liao, Wei-ting Lin, Chin Li, Chia-Bin Chang, Jie-Wei Hsu, Chin-Pui Chan, Chun-Ming Chen, Hon-Pin Wang, Hsiu-Chuan Chien, Jann-Tay Wang, Song-Chou Hsieh, Shu-Fen Wu

“…This study aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological role of H. parainfluenzae in SS. Reduced salivary H. parainfluenzae levels in SS patients were confirmed through quantitative PCR. …”
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Brain Connectivity Plasticity in the Motor Network after Ischemic Stroke by Lin Jiang, Huijuan Xu, Chunshui Yu

“…We suggest that connectivity changes constitute an important pathophysiological aspect of motor impairment after stroke and important mechanisms of motor recovery. …”
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Climate change, air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases: understanding risk factors and the need for adaptive strategies by Jiayu Xu, Zekang Su, Chenchen Liu, Yuxuan Nie, Liangliang Cui

“…Furthermore, this association can be modified by factors such as socioeconomic status, adaptability, individual behavior, medical services. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking climate change and increased risk of CRD involved pulmonary inflammation, immune disorders, oxidative stress. …”
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TNM-Like Classification: A New Proposed Method for Heart Failure Staging by Francesco Fedele, Maria Chiara Gatto, Alessandra D’Ambrosi, Massimo Mancone

“…For all these reasons, it is our intention to propose a valid and more specific classification available for the clinical staging of HF that takes into account pathophysiological and structural changes that can remark prognosis and management of HF.…”
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Multitargeted Effects of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications by Ibrahim Luru Abdulai, Samuel Kojo Kwofie, Winfred Seth Gbewonyo, Daniel Boison, Joshua Buer Puplampu, Michael Buenor Adinortey

“…Data collected hint that vitexin and isovitexin work by targeting diverse pathophysiological and metabolic pathways and molecular drug points involved in the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus. …”
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The Effect of Reagents Mimicking Oxidative Stress on Fibrinogen Function by Jana Štikarová, Roman Kotlín, Tomáš Riedel, Jiří Suttnar, Kristýna Pimková, Leona Chrastinová, Jan E. Dyr

“…It has been suggested that modification of fibrinogen may cause thrombotic/bleeding complications associated with many pathophysiological states of organism. We exposed fibrinogen molecules to three different modification reagents—malondialdehyde, sodium hypochlorite, and peroxynitrite—that are presented to various degrees in different stages of oxidative stress. …”
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Valvular Cardiomyopathy: The Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Vasiliki Tsampasian, Sandeep S. Hothi, Thuwarahan Ravindrarajah, Andrew J. Swift, Pankaj Garg, Vassilios S. Vassiliou

“…Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has had a vast impact on the understanding of a wide range of disease processes and pathophysiological mechanisms. More recently, it has contributed significantly to the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with valvular heart disease. …”
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