Delirium is one of the many faces of COVID-19. Literature review by A. Bagdonaitė, D. Tumas, E. Griškevičiūtė, A. Svirskytė

“…The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature on COVID-19 induced delirium, its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, prevention, diagnostic and treatment options. …”
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Critical Appraisal of Pharmaceutical Therapy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy—Challenges and Prospectives by Elina Khattab, Michaelia Kyriakou, Elena Leonidou, Stefanos Sokratous, Angeliki Mouzarou, Michael M. Myrianthefs, Nikolaos P. E. Kadoglou

“…Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DBCM) has been increasingly recognized as the development of cardiac dysfunction, which is accompanied by heart failure (HF) symptoms in the absence of obvious reasons like ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or valvulopathies. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, including metabolic disorders (e.g., glycation products), oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc., which should guide the development of new therapeutic strategies. …”
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Vascular malformations of the lungs and the liver at patient with hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia by M. S. Zharkova, A. V. Lapshin, Ye. N. German, M. V. Mayevskaya, I. A. Sokolina, V. T. Ivashkin

“…To show a rare case of pulmonary and hepatic vascular malformations development, to discuss pathophysiological mechanisms of revealed changes and clinical symptoms of disease.Features of clinical case. …”
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Circulatory shock in adults in emergency department by Ashok Kumar Pannu

“…The review emphasizes prompt shock identification with tissue hypoperfusion, knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, initial fluid resuscitation with balanced crystalloids, norepinephrine as the preferred vasopressor in septic and profound cardiogenic shock, and tailored intervention addressing specific etiologies. …”
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Pathogenesis of Chronic Urticaria: An Overview by Sanjiv Jain

“…The centrality of mast cells and their inappropriate activation and degranulation as the key pathophysiological event are well established. The triggering stimuli and the complexity of effector mechanisms remain speculative. …”
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Migraine with Prolonged Aura: Correlation of Clinical and EEG Features by A. O. Ogunyemi

“…Also the symptoms and EEG changes in our patients indicate dysfunction of the cerebral cortex, consistent with the notion that spreading cortical depression may be the underlying pathophysiological event in migraine with aura.…”
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Structure and Physiological Actions of Ghrelin by Christine Delporte

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Exploring Chronic Pain in Hemodialysis Patients: An Observational Study Based on the New IASP Classification for ICD-11 by Vittorio Schweiger, Martina Cacciapuoti, Marta Nizzero, Salvatore Simari, Gianmarco Lombardi, Leonardo Gottin, Lisa Stefani, Alvise Martini, Giustino Varrassi, Gabriele Finco, Enrico Polati, Giovanni Gambaro

“…On the basis of these diagnoses, the pain classification according to the IASP pathophysiological definition highlighted a predominant nociceptive pain type (53.9% of all the diagnoses), followed by neuropathic (22.1%), mixed (22.1%), nociplastic (2.6%), and idiopathic (2.6%) pain. …”
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Application of Low Intensity Ultrasound in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease by Hong Fei, Xu Fei

“…According to the current known pathological studies, AD biomarker TAU protein, phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) play an important role in the pathophysiological changes of AD. For pathological research, the development of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) provides another idea for the mechanism of AD treatment, which can better treat AD, regulate various factors specifically, and effectively treat AD by stimulating synapses and improving neurons. …”
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Targeting chondrocytes for arresting bony fusion in ankylosing spondylitis by Fenli Shao, Qianqian Liu, Yuyu Zhu, Zhidan Fan, Wenjun Chen, Shijia Liu, Xiaohui Li, Wenjie Guo, Gen-Sheng Feng, Haiguo Yu, Qiang Xu, Yang Sun

“…Here we discovered spontaneous kyphosis, arthritis and bony fusion in mature CD4-Cre;Ptpn11 f/f mice, which present the pathophysiological features of AS. A population of CD4-Cre-expressing proliferating chondrocytes was SHP2 deficient, which could differentiate into pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. …”
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Coexistence of Takayasu’s Arteritis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Camilla de Almeida Martins, Ana Elisa Rabe Caon, Carolina Bortolozzo Graciolli Facanali, Carlos Walter Sobrado, Sergio Carlos Nahas, Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira, Reuma Margalit-Yehuda, Uri Kopylov, Natalia Sousa Freitas Queiroz

“…Although the coexistence of TA and IBD is uncommon, both seem to be strongly associated through pathophysiological pathways.…”
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The emerging role of 12/15-lipoxygenase in ischemic stroke by Xuening Wang, Qiuji Shao, Yuan Gao

“…Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease in which the occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a series of pathophysiological changes in brain tissue, triggering an inflammatory cascade within the brain that results in neuroinflammation. …”
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Exploring Host Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in SARS-CoV Infection Outcomes: Implications for Personalized Medicine in COVID-19 by Omar Ramos-Lopez, Lidia Daimiel, Ana Ramírez de Molina, Diego Martínez-Urbistondo, Juan A. Vargas, J. Alfredo Martínez

“…Thus, genes implicated in key pathophysiological processes such as the mechanisms related to the entry of the virus into the cell and the antiviral immune/inflammatory responses were identified. …”
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Pancreatic Beta Cell Death: Novel Potential Mechanisms in Diabetes Therapy by Joselyn Rojas, Valmore Bermudez, Jim Palmar, María Sofía Martínez, Luis Carlos Olivar, Manuel Nava, Daniel Tomey, Milagros Rojas, Juan Salazar, Carlos Garicano, Manuel Velasco

“…Beta cell death is the final event in a series of mechanisms that, up to date, have not been entirely clarified; it represents the pathophysiological mechanism in the natural history of diabetes mellitus. …”
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Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences by Giuseppina T. Russo, Annalisa Giandalia, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Morabito Nunziata, Marco Muscianisi, Maria Concetta Ruffo, Antonino Catalano, Domenico Cucinotta

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, resulting in disabilities and increased mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms linking diabetes to osteoporosis have not been fully explained, but alterations in bone structure and quality are well described in diabetic subjects, likely due to a combination of different factors. …”
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Dietary peptides in aging: Evidence and prospects by Khushwant S. Bhullar, Jianping Wu

“…Modulation of these pathways diminish aging biomarkers in various model organisms and confers protection against a growing list of age-related pathophysiologies. Food derived bioactive peptides are characterized modulators of these pathways, while some verified in vivo and even clinically approved, and numerous others are under development. …”
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Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetic Rodent Models by Yang-wei Wang, Guang-dong Sun, Jing Sun, Shu-jun Liu, Ji Wang, Xiao-hong Xu, Li-ning Miao

“…Many animal models have been established in order to investigate the mechanisms and pathophysiologic progress of T2DM and find effective treatments for its complications. …”
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The Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Pain: A Review by Mary E Lynch, C Peter N Watson

“…The past two decades have contributed a large body of preclinical work that has assisted in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that cause chronic pain. In this context, it has been recognized that effective treatment of pain is a priority and that treatment often involves the use of one or a combination of agents with analgesic action. …”
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Strategies to Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Jibin Han, Yanmin Li, Yuanyuan Li

“…MSC-based therapies have the advantage of targeting nearly all pathophysiological components of ARDS by means of a variety of secreted trophic factors, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic effects, resulting in significant structural and functional recovery following ARDS in various preclinical models. …”
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Whipple’s Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension with Positive Vasodilator Response Despite Severe Hemodynamic Derangements by Salah Najm, Joud Hajjar, Robert P Nelson, Ramana S Moorthy, Karen M Wolf, Tim Lahm

“…Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with Whipple’s disease (WD-PH) is extremely rare, and the underlying pathophysiological processes are incompletely understood. …”
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