Recent Advances in the Recognition and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis by Gregory Eustace, Xianyong Gui, Marietta Iacucci

“…The incidence and recognition of eosinophilic esophagitis is increasing. Pathophysiological understanding of eosinophilic esophagitis is improving and an immunological reaction to ingested food is likely to play a significant role. …”
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A Review of Current Management of Vitreomacular Traction and Macular Hole by Alfredo García-Layana, José García-Arumí, José M. Ruiz-Moreno, Lluís Arias-Barquet, Francisco Cabrera-López, Marta S. Figueroa

“…The paper presents a review of the sequence of events of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), and macular hole (MH) from their pathophysiological aspects, clinical features, diagnostic implications, and current management strategies. …”
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Role of cardiac CT in the diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification of patients with myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): rationale and design... by Konstantinos Tsioufis, Haralambos Karvounis, George Giannakoulas, Theodoros Karamitsos, Ronny R Buechel, Konstantinos Kouskouras, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Nathaniel R Smilowitz, Georgios P Rampidis, Polydoros Ν Kampaktsis, Athanasios Samaras, Georgios Benetos, Andreas Α Giannopoulos, Alexandros Kallifatidis, Antonios Samaras, Stavros Hadjimiltiades, Antonios Ziakas, Catherine Gebhard, Panagiotis Prassopoulos, Harmony Reynolds

“…Cardiac MR (CMR) and optical coherence tomography have been used to identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in MINOCA. The role of cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) in patients with MINOCA, however, has not been well studied so far. …”
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Update for diagnosis and treatment of syndrome after cardiac injury: a mini-review by Ruihui Lai, Tan Xu, Tan Xu

“…This review aims to provide a comprehensive explicit of the epidemiological characteristics, relevant pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies associated with PCIS, further fostering a deeper understanding and promoting advancements in the prevention and treatment of PCIS.…”
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The Functions of PPARs in Aging and Longevity by Adnan Erol

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in various age-associated pathophysiological processes related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress. …”
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TLR2 and TLR4 in the Brain Injury Caused by Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion by Ying Wang, Pengfei Ge, Yuhong Zhu

“…Brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is a complicated pathophysiological course, in which inflammation is thought to play an important role. …”
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Discussion of functional dyspepsia issue in American gastroenterological week reports (Orlando, 2013) by A. A. Sheptulin

“…Treatment of FD includes application first of all of proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Conclusion. Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of FD require further studying.…”
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Short Bowel Syndrome: Surgical Therapy by W Donald Buie, Olin G Thurston, Richard N Fedorak

“…Most forms of surgical therapy are supportive and aim at controlling three basic pathophysiological defects: decreased intestinal transit time, gastric hypersecretion, and reduced functional mucosal surface area. …”
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Limb Body Wall Complex: First Trimester Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of a Case with Exencephaly and Megacystis by Mert Turğal, Aslıhan Yazıcıoğlu, Özgür Özyüncü, M. Sinan Beksaç

“…Despite the anomaly arises from an error occuring during the embryonic folding, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The clinical picture is characterized by thoracoabdominoschisis, eventration of the internal organs, limb reduction defects and sometimes craniofacial abnormalities. …”
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CAR-T therapy toxicities: the importance of macrophages in their development and possible targets for their management by Joseph Norton, Patrick Stiff

“…Herein, we review the immune mediated adverse events related to CAR therapy, including their pathophysiologies, and current therapies. In particular, we discuss the emerging role of the MPS in both the toxicity and efficacy of CAR-T therapy, and possible avenues for the modulation of the MPS to optimize efficacy while minimizing toxicity.…”
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Obesity Hypertension: The Regulatory Role of Leptin by Shilpa Kshatriya, Kan Liu, Ali Salah, Tamas Szombathy, Ronald H. Freeman, Garry P. Reams, Robert M. Spear, Daniel Villarreal

“…However, in abnormal situations characterized by chronic hyperleptinemia such as obesity, it may function pathophysiologically for the development of hypertension and possibly also for direct renal, vascular, and cardiac damage.…”
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Neurobiology of Vascular Dementia by Ana-Maria Enciu, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Laurenţiu M. Popescu, Dafin F. Mureşanu, Bogdan O. Popescu

“…Vascular dementia is, in its current conceptual form, a distinct type of dementia with a spectrum of specific clinical and pathophysiological features. However, in a very large majority of cases, these alterations occur in an already aged brain, characterized by a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for different neurodegenerative diseases. …”
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Drug-induced lupus by Kavadichanda Chengappa G

“…Numerous drugs ranging from the classically described procainamide and hydralazine to novel biological agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are implicated in causing DILE. Various pathophysiologic mechanisms such as decreased central tolerance, molecular cross-reactivity, and epigenetic modifications of immune cells are known to play a role in the precipitation of drug-induced autoimmunity. …”
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Nitric oxide as a mediator of inflammation?—You had better believe it by Mark J. S. Miller, Matthew B. Grisham

“…In order to appreciate the precise contributions of nitric oxide to a pathophysiological process, one must account for enzyme source, coproduction of oxidants and antioxidant defences, time, rate of nitric oxide production, cellular source, peroxynitrite formation and effects on DNA (mutagenesis/apoptosis). …”
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Infection <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and stomach cancer: state-of-the-art by A. A. Sheptulin

“…Nowadays it is indicated for patients with high risk of SC (having atrophic gastritis, postgastrectomy patients for early SC, first-degree relatives of patients with SC).Conclusion. Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of interrelations between Н. pylori infection and SC require the further studies.…”
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A Quarter Century of Liver Transplantation: Learning from Livers by Paul C. Adams

“…Liver transplantation has emerged as a powerful tool to increase the understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the liver. Transplantation for metabolic diseases with resolution of the disease process has been the ultimate proof of the hepatic source of the defect. …”
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Another Report of Acalculous Cholecystitis in a Greek Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis: A Matter of Luck or Genetic Predisposition? by Theocharis Koufakis, Ioannis Gabranis

“…More studies are required in order to clarify the pathophysiological and genetic backgrounds that connect acalculous cholecystitis and EBV infection.…”
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Does Depression Impact Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Heart Failure? by Z. N. Sohani, Z. Samaan

“…Evidence from literature supports the possibility of a pathophysiological relationship between cognitive impairment, depression, and heart failure. …”
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Repetitive Mild but Not Single Moderate Brain Trauma Is Associated with TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Mislocalization and Glial Activation in the Mouse Spinal Cord by Tamara Janković, Jelena Rajič Bumber, Nika Gržeta Krpan, Petra Dolenec, Marc Jaeger, Jasna Kriz, Gordana Župan, Kristina Pilipović

“…Initial brain trauma triggers secondary pathophysiological processes that induce structural and functional impairment of the central nervous system, even in the regions distant to the lesion site. …”
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Disrupted Regional Spontaneous Neural Activity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Resting-State fMRI Study by Xiaozheng Liu, Yunhai Tu, Yirou Zang, Aiqin Wu, Zhongwei Guo, Jiawei He

“…These results suggest that the sensorimotor network may be one of the main pathophysiological factors in D-MCI.…”
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