Time to Exhale: Additional Value of Expiratory Chest CT in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Joshua Gawlitza, Frederik Trinkmann, Hans Scheffel, Andreas Fischer, John W. Nance, Claudia Henzler, Nils Vogler, Joachim Saur, Ibrahim Akin, Martin Borggrefe, Stefan O. Schoenberg, Thomas Henzler

“…However, this does not address the pathophysiological complexity of the disease sufficiently. …”
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Spectroscopic Approach to Capillary-Alveolar Membrane Damage Induced Acute Lung Injury by Jing Wang, Luis Oppenheimer, Paola Fata, Julio Pintin, Ross Stimpson, Henry H Mantsch

“…The term acute lung injury (ALI), a primitive phase of ARDS, was introduced by the European and American consensus groups to provide early diagnoses of ARDS. The pathophysiological characterization of ALI/ARDS – an increased pulmonary capillary-alveolar membrane barrier permeability – is generally not included in current intensive care unit diagnosis criteria.…”
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A Case of De Novo Anterior Condylar Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Long after Curative Transvenous Embolization of Contralateral Anterior Condylar Arteriovenous Fistula by Shinya Hagiwara, Takeshi Miyazaki, Masahiro Tsuji, Mizuki Kambara, Tsutomu Yoshikane, Hidemasa Nagai, Yasuhiko Akiyama

“…The authors describe the possible pathophysiological mechanisms and management strategies for this rare occurrence.…”
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Very Late Bare Metal Stent Thrombosis by Mariana Soto Herrera, José A. Restrepo, Andrés Felipe Buitrago, Mabel Gómez Mejía, Jesús H. Díaz

“…It usually presents as an ST elevation acute coronary syndrome and it is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well defined; nevertheless, recent studies have proposed a neoatherosclerotic process as the triggering mechanism. …”
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Renal Impairment in Cirrhosis Unrelated to Hepatorenal Syndrome by Gavin Low, Graeme JM Alexander, David J Lomas

“…Renal impairment is common in liver disease and may occur as a consequence of the pathophysiological changes that underpin cirrhosis or secondary to a pre-existing unrelated insult. …”
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Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-tolymphocyte ratio with all-cause mortality in patients with ischemia and non-obstructive coronary arteries by Mihai Emilian Dumitru, Delcea Caterina, Buzea Adrian Cătălin, Dan Gheorghe-Andrei

“…Systemic inflammation, a key pathophysiological mechanism in its development, is reflected in diverse bio-markers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). …”
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Sporadic Insulinoma as a Rare Cause of Recurrent Hypoglycemia in Children by Hedyeh Saneifard, Ahmad Khaleghnejad Tabari, Maryam Kazemi Aghdam, Mohadese Musavi Khorshidi, Ali Sheikhy

“…As a result of insulin hypersecretion, signs and symptoms are more commonly consequences of the pathophysiologic responses to hypoglycemia. According to rarity of this tumor in children and nonspecificity of clinical presentations, diagnosis of insulinoma in this group of patients is usually delayed. …”
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Panhypopituitarism due to Absence of the Pituitary Stalk: A Rare Aetiology of Liver Cirrhosis by Marta Gonzalez Rozas, Lidia Hernanz Roman, Diego Gonzalez Gonzalez, José Luis Pérez-Castrillón

“…Insulin resistance is the main pathophysiological axis of metabolic syndrome and is the causal factor in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). …”
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Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: Localising insights from right visual cortex stroke complicated by epilepsia partialis continua by Gashirai K. Mbizvo, Viraj Bharambe, Brython Hywel, Shubhabrata Biswas, Andrew J. Larner

“…We present a case of Alice in Wonderland syndrome in association with a right posterior/visual cortex infarction with subsequent seizures including focal motor status (epilepsia partialis continua), the latter a hitherto unreported association. These pathophysiological changes were of right hemisphere origin, suggesting Alice in Wonderland syndrome, if present, might have localising value for seizure focus in the right hemisphere.…”
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Reciprocal Effects of Oxidative Stress on Heme Oxygenase Expression and Activity Contributes to Reno-Vascular Abnormalities in EC-SOD Knockout Mice by Tomoko Kawakami, Nitin Puri, Komal Sodhi, Lars Bellner, Toru Takahashi, Kiyoshi Morita, Rita Rezzani, Tim D. Oury, Nader G. Abraham

“…CoPP, in EC-SOD(−/−) mice, enhanced HO activity (P<0.05) and reversed aforementioned pathophysiological abnormalities along with restoration of vascular EET, p-eNOS, p-AKT and serum adiponectin levels in these animals. …”
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Mutation-Specific Phenotypes in hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Carrying Either Myosin-Binding Protein C Or α-Tropomyosin Mutation for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Marisa Ojala, Chandra Prajapati, Risto-Pekka Pölönen, Kristiina Rajala, Mari Pekkanen-Mattila, Jyrki Rasku, Kim Larsson, Katriina Aalto-Setälä

“…To date, over 1400 mutations have been linked to HCM, mostly in genes encoding for sarcomeric proteins. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease are still largely unknown. …”
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Reduced Gain and Shortened Time Constant of Vestibular Velocity Storage as a Source of Balance and Movement Sensitivities in Gravitational Insecurity by Michael Potegal, Teresa A. May-Benson, Sara Oxborough, Amy Hall, Stefanie McKnight

“…Better understanding of GrI’s pathophysiological basis will be useful in informing the larger health-provider community about this condition.…”
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A Mechanistic Study on the Non-genotoxic Carcinogenicity of the Food Contaminant Semicarbazide by Daniel P. Fitzpatrick

“…The present study is one of the first in-vitro studies to examine the relationship between sub-pathophysiological concentrations of reactive oxygen species and the anomalous non-genotoxic carcinogenicity induced by semicarbazide through the upregulation of intracellular signalling pathways. …”
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Acute Aortic Dissection Mimicking STEMI in the Catheterization Laboratory: Early Recognition Is Mandatory by Alessio Arrivi, Gaetano Tanzilli, Paolo Emilio Puddu, Giovanni Truscelli, Marcello Dominici, Enrico Mangieri

“…A 77-year-old woman underwent an acute evolving type A aortic dissection mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Two pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed: either thrombosis migrating from a previously treated giant aneurism of proximal left anterior descending or a local arterial complication due to left main stenting. …”
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Hypercapnia from Physiology to Practice by Amilkar Almanza-Hurtado, Camilo Polanco Guerra, María Cristina Martínez-Ávila, Diana Borré-Naranjo, Tomás Rodríguez-Yanez, Carmelo Dueñas-Castell

“…Hypercapnia is the elevation in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) above 45 mmHg in the bloodstream. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hypercapnia include the decrease in minute volume, an increase in dead space, or an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) production per sec. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Dynamic and Life-Threatening Triad by Mário Raimundo, José António Lopes

“…Herein, we critically review the existing clinical evidence that associates MS with renal disease and cardiovascular disease, as well as the associated pathophysiologic mechanisms and actual treatment options.…”
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Preventing Ischial Pressure Ulcers: I. Review of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation by Hilton M. Kaplan, Gerald E. Loeb

“…Treatment is expensive and recurrence rates are high. Pathophysiological mechanisms include reduced bulk and perfusion of chronically atrophic muscles as well as prolonged occlusion of blood flow to soft tissues from lack of voluntary postural shifting of body weight. …”
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The Case for the Use of PPARγ Agonists as an Adjunctive Therapy for Cerebral Malaria by Lena Serghides

“…Adjunctive therapies that modify the pathophysiological processes caused by malaria are a possible way to improve outcome. …”
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Atypical Neuropsychiatric Presentation in a Patient Expecting Liver Transplantation by Laury Chamelian, Austin Pereira, Kiran Grant, Catherine Maurice

“…The sequence of events, complete work-up, and detailed neuropsychiatric examination were not compatible with hepatic encephalopathy or delirium; therefore we extended our differential diagnosis and suggested the pathophysiological process described below.…”
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Extrapontine Myelinolysis of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Case of Postoperative Suprasellar Arachnoid Cyst by Peng Zhao, Xuyi Zong, Xinsheng Wang, Yazhuo Zhang

“…Although the mechanism is not fully understood and the treatment is controversial, hyponatremia is probably considered to be the main pathophysiological basis. There are few reports of ODS caused by a sellar lesion. …”
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