Characterization of Novel Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model with Enlarged Kidneys by Ayaka Domon, Kentaro Katayama, Yuki Tochigi, Hiroetsu Suzuki

“…A variety of animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM) are required to study the genetics and pathophysiology of DM. We established a novel rat strain showing nonobese type 2 diabetes with enlarged kidneys from the LEA.PET-pet congenic strain and named it Diabetes with Enlarged Kidney (DEK). …”
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Recent advances in nanotechnology for Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis, treatment, and future perspectives by Virendra Kumar Yadav, Seshathiri Dhanasekaran, Nisha Choudhary, Deepak Nathiya, Vishal Thakur, Rachna Gupta, Sheersha Pramanik, Pankaj Kumar, Nishant Gupta, Ashish Patel

“…This review provides insights into the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease, highlighting the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, the role of alpha-synuclein, and the disruption of dopaminergic pathways. …”
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Mast Cell Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Tight Junction Protein Derangement in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury by Duraisamy Kempuraj, Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Ramasamy Thangavel, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Smita A. Zaheer, Shankar S. Iyer, Casey Burton, Donald James, Asgar Zaheer

“…Though the survival rate and the neurological deficiencies have shown significant improvement in many TBI patients with newer therapeutic options, the underlying pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunctions is understudied. …”
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Human Amnion by Jinsil Kim, Mitchell M. Pitlick, Paul J. Christine, Amanda R. Schaefer, Cesar Saleme, Belén Comas, Viviana Cosentino, Enrique Gadow, Jeffrey C. Murray

“…To investigate the importance of epigenetic events in this tissue in the physiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of human amnion from term (with and without labor) and preterm deliveries. …”
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Lower FOXP3 mRNA Expression in First-Trimester Decidual Tissue from Uncomplicated Term Pregnancies with a Male Fetus by Tom E. C. Kieffer, Anne Laskewitz, Marijke M. Faas, Sicco A. Scherjon, Jan Jaap H. M. Erwich, Sanne J. Gordijn, Jelmer R. Prins

“…The present data imply maternal immunologic differences between pregnancies with male and female fetuses which could be involved in different pregnancy pathophysiologic outcomes. Moreover, this study indicates that researchers in reproductive immunology should always consider fetal sex bias.…”
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Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment with Bevacizumab Does Not Depend on the Retinal Nonperfusion Presence by Bogumiła Sędziak-Marcinek, Sławomir Teper, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Adam Wylęgała, Mateusz Marcinek, Mateusz Bas, Edward Wylęgała

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Arterial Hypertension and Interleukins: Potential Therapeutic Target or Future Diagnostic Marker? by Daniela Maria Tanase, Evelina Maria Gosav, Smaranda Radu, Anca Ouatu, Ciprian Rezus, Manuela Ciocoiu, Claudia Florida Costea, Mariana Floria

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The Role of Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease Recurrence after Surgical Treatment by B. Sensi, L. Siragusa, C. Efrati, L. Petagna, M. Franceschilli, V. Bellato, A. Antonelli, C. Arcudi, M. Campanelli, S. Ingallinella, A. M. Guida, A. Divizia

“…Memory T-lymphocytes retained in mesenteric lymph nodes seem to represent the main driving force. New pathophysiology-based preventive strategies in the medical and surgical fields may help reduce POR rates. …”
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The Evolving Roles of Macrophages in Organ Transplantation by Junhui Li, Cai Li, Quan Zhuang, Bo Peng, Yi Zhu, Qifa Ye, Yingzi Ming

“…Over the past few decades, organ transplantation has achieved an excellent success in short-term survival but only a marginal improvement in long-term graft outcomes. The pathophysiology of graft loss is multifactorial and remains incompletely defined. …”
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Quantitative and O2 Enhanced MRI of the Pathologic Lung: Findings in Emphysema, Fibrosis, and Cystic Fibrosis by Alfred Stadler, Leopold Stiebellehner, Peter M. Jakob, Johannes F. T. Arnold, Edith Eisenhuber, Isabella von Katzler, Alexander A. Bankier

“…Gas exchange is the primary function of the lung and the transport of oxygen plays a key role in pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology. The purpose of this review is to present a short overview of the relaxation mechanisms of the lung and the current technical concepts of T1 mapping and methods of oxygen enhanced MR imaging. …”
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Correlation of ferritin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level as a marker of ferroptosis process in endometrioma by Rina Nulianti, Hartanto Bayuaji, Mulyanusa Amarullah Ritonga, Tono Djuwantono, Dian Tjahyadi, Anita Rachmawati, Sri Ratna Dwiningsih, Aisyah Shofiatun Nisa, Putri Nadhira Adinda Adriansyah

“…Abstract Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissues (glands and stroma) located outside the uterine cavity. The pathophysiology of this condition remains incompletely understood. …”
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Respiratory drive: a journey from health to disease by Dimitrios Georgopoulos, Maria Bolaki, Vaia Stamatopoulou, Evangelia Akoumianaki

“…In this review, we will explain the pathophysiology of altered respiratory drive by analyzing the respiratory centers response to arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) changes. …”
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Study of vascular endothelial dysfunction in children with beta-thalassemia major before and after quercetin therapy by Fatma Al Zahraa Sherai, Maaly Mabrouk, Ibrahim Badraia, Adel Hagag, Eman Elaskary

“…Oxidative stress has a crucial role in the β-thalassemia pathophysiology. It occurs due to erythroid expansion along with ineffective erythropoiesis. …”
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Respiratory dysfunction in whiplash associated disorders (WAD) with cervical plexus syndrome – A case report by NA Nystrom, SR Daulat, A Zakaria, M Petersen, VM Moodley, LP. Champagne

“…In 2019, his condition deteriorated, with significantly increased pain and dyspnea leading to further evaluations that included laboratory studies and consultations with specialists in neurosurgery, neurology, pulmonology, neurophysiology, ENT, general internal medicine, cardiology, radiology, speech pathology, physical medicine, orthopedic surgery, and hand surgery at three separate academic centers in Norway.Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with a condition that is regularly observed among patients referred to our office for evaluation and surgical treatment of chronic, whiplash related pain, and that we propose to label Cervical Plexus Syndrome.One year following exploration and neurolysis of sensory nerves to the right and left superficial cervical plexus, the patient remains pain free, with unimpeded speech and breathing as demonstrated by postoperative spirometry and video recordings.Although the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear, we report what we believe to be the first successful surgical treatment of serious respiratory dysfunction from pain generators in tissue that historically is considered anatomically and functionally separate from the mechanics of breathing. …”
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Update on the Role of Cannabinoid Receptors after Ischemic Stroke by Luciano S. A. Capettini, Silvia Q. Savergnini, Rafaela F. da Silva, Nikos Stergiopulos, Robson A. S. Santos, François Mach, Fabrizio Montecucco

“…Cannabinoids are considered as key mediators in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. …”
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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia After Cardiac Arrest and Prevention Strategies: A Narrative Review by Harinivaas Shanmugavel Geetha, Yi Xiang Teo, Sharmitha Ravichandran, Amos Lal

“…The overarching objectives encompass (I) exploring the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of VAP, (II) delving into available diagnostic modalities, and (III) providing insights into the management options and recent treatment guidelines. …”
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Malyngamide F Possesses Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity in Rat Models of Inflammation by Zhuocheng Li, Lei Zhang, Zhichao Zhao

“…Inflammation and pain are involved in the pathophysiology of various clinical conditions. This investigation aims to probe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Maltoamide F. …”
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Monoamines, BDNF, Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA-Sulfate, and Childhood Depression—An Animal Model Study by O. Malkesman, T. Asaf, L. Shbiro, A. Goldstein, R. Maayan, A. Weizman, N. Kinor, E. Okun, B. Sredni, G. Yadid, A. Weller

“…The results imply that DHEA(S) and BDNF may be involved in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of childhood depression.…”
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Sex differences in the relationship between maternal and foetal glucocorticoids in a free-ranging large mammal by Amin, Bawan, Fishman, Ruth, Quinn, Matthew, Matas, Devorah, Palme, Rupert, Koren, Lee, Ciuti, Simone

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NF-κB-94ins/del ATTG Genotype Contributes to the Susceptibility and Imbalanced Th17 Cells in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia by Jie Yu, Mingqiang Hua, Xueyun Zhao, Rui Wang, Chaoqing Zhong, Chen Zhang, Ruiqing Wang, Guosheng Li, Na He, Ming Hou, Daoxin Ma

“…However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. …”
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